Did You Know That We Offer Contract to Closing Services? Click Here to Find Out More.

Need Marine Financing? Apply Here With Our Partner, First Approval Source

  • Catamaran Interviews
  • Catamaran Reviews
  • Buying Advice
  • Selling Advice
  • Woods Design Advice
  • Americat 3014
  • Balance 526
  • Bali 40 Catspace
  • Beneteau Blue II
  • Broadblue 346
  • Broadblue 38 Prestige
  • Broadblue 385
  • Broadblue 435
  • Broadblue 46
  • Catalac 10M
  • Catalac 11M
  • Catalac 12M
  • Catalac 900
  • Catana 42 S
  • Chris White 48 Voyager
  • Chris White 55
  • Corsair F28 R
  • De Villiers
  • Dolphin 460
  • Endeavour 30
  • Endeavour 35 Victory
  • Endeavour 36
  • Endeavour 44
  • Endeavour 44 TrawlerCat
  • Fortuna 36 Island Spirit
  • Fortuna 401 Island Spirit
  • FP 32 Maldives
  • FP 35 Tobago
  • FP 37 Antigua
  • FP 38 Athena
  • FP 39 Fidji
  • FP 40 Lavezzi
  • FP 40 Lucia
  • FP 40 Summerland MY
  • FP 41 Lipari
  • FP 42 Astrea
  • FP 42 Venezia
  • FP 43 Belize
  • FP 44 Helia
  • FP 44 Orana
  • FP 46 Bahia
  • FP 46 Casamance
  • FP 48 Salina
  • FP 56 Marquises
  • FP 57 Sanya
  • FP 60 Eleuthera
  • FP Saona 47
  • Gemini 3000
  • Gemini 3200
  • Gemini 3400
  • Grainger 420 Mystery Cove
  • Hirondelle 7M
  • Lagoon 37 TPI
  • Lagoon 42 TPI
  • Lagoon 43 PC
  • Leopard 39 PowerCat
  • Leopard 45 Classic
  • Leopard 47 PowerCat
  • Leopard 51 PowerCat
  • Leopard 53 PowerCat
  • Maine Cat 30
  • Maine Cat 41
  • Matrix 450 Vision
  • Matrix 760 Silhouette
  • Maverick 400
  • Maverick 420
  • Maverick 440
  • Nautitech 40
  • Nautitech 442
  • Nautitech 46 Open
  • Nautitech 47
  • Outremer 40
  • Outremer 45
  • Outremer 50 Standard
  • Outremer 55
  • Privilege 37
  • Privilege 39
  • Privilege 42
  • Privilege 43
  • Privilege 435
  • Privilege 45
  • Privilege 465
  • Privilege 48 Transcat
  • Privilege 482
  • Privilege Serie 5
  • Prout 31 Quest
  • Prout 33 Quest
  • Prout 34 Event
  • Prout 35 Snowgoose
  • Prout 37 Snowgoose
  • Prout 37 Snowgoose Elite
  • Prout 38 Manta
  • Prout 39 Escale
  • Royal Cape 45
  • Royal Cape 530 Majestic
  • Royal Cape Majestic 500
  • Sailcraft 30 Iroquois
  • Sailcraft 32 Comanche
  • Sailcraft 35 Cherokee
  • Sailcraft 41 Apache
  • Sailcraft 44 Apache
  • Wildcat 350
  • Seawind 1000
  • Seawind 1160
  • Seawind 1200
  • Seawind 1260
  • Seawind 1600
  • Solaris 36 Sunrise
  • Solaris 36 Sunstar
  • St Francis 44
  • St Francis 48
  • St Francis 50
  • Stealth 11.8
  • Heavenly Twins 26
  • Ocean Twins 38
  • Voyage 380 Maxim
  • Voyage 400 Norseman
  • Voyage 430 Norseman
  • Voyage 450 Cabriolet
  • Voyage 47 Mayotte
  • Wharram 38 Tiki
  • AMI 320 Renaissance
  • Woods 22 Wizard
  • Woods 35 Banshee
  • Woods 35 Flica
  • Woods 36 Scylla
  • Woods 36 Vardo
  • Woods 38 Transit
  • Woods 40 Meander
  • Xquisite X5
  • Xquisite X5+

Catamaran Design Formulas

  • Post author By Rick
  • Post date June 29, 2010
  • 10 Comments on Catamaran Design Formulas

planing catamaran hull design

Part 2: W ith permission from Terho Halme – Naval Architect

While Part 1 showcased design comments from Richard Woods , this second webpage on catamaran design is from a paper on “How to dimension a sailing catamaran”, written by the Finnish boat designer, Terho Halme. I found his paper easy to follow and all the Catamaran hull design equations were in one place.  Terho was kind enough to grant permission to reproduce his work here.

Below are basic equations and parameters of catamaran design, courtesy of Terho Halme. There are also a few references from ISO boat standards. The first step of catamaran design is to decide the length of the boat and her purpose. Then we’ll try to optimize other dimensions, to give her decent performance. All dimensions on this page are metric, linear dimensions are in meters (m), areas are in square meters (m2), displacement volumes in cubic meters (m3), masses (displacement, weight) are in kilograms (kg), forces in Newton’s (N), powers in kilowatts (kW) and speeds in knots. 

Please see our catamarans for sale by owner page if you are looking for great deals on affordable catamarans sold directly by their owners.

Length, Draft and Beam

There are two major dimensions of a boat hull: The length of the hull L H  and length of waterline L WL  . The following consist of arbitrary values to illustrate a calculated example. 

L H  = 12.20      L WL  = 12.00

planing catamaran hull design

After deciding how big a boat we want we next enter the length/beam ratio of each hull, L BR . Heavy boats have low value and light racers high value. L BR  below “8” leads to increased wave making and this should be avoided. Lower values increase loading capacity. Normal L BR  for a cruiser is somewhere between 9 and 12. L BR  has a definitive effect on boat displacement estimate.  

  • Tags Buying Advice , Catamaran Designers

Rick

Owner of a Catalac 8M and Catamaransite webmaster.

10 replies on “Catamaran Design Formulas”

Im working though these formuals to help in the conversion of a cat from diesel to electric. Range, Speed, effect of extra weight on the boat….. Im having a bit of trouble with the B_TR. First off what is it? You don’t call it out as to what it is anywhere that i could find. Second its listed as B TR = B WL / T c but then directly after that you have T c = B WL / B TR. these two equasion are circular….

Yes, I noted the same thing. I guess that TR means resistance.

I am new here and very intetested to continue the discussion! I believe that TR had to be looked at as in Btr (small letter = underscore). B = beam, t= draft and r (I believe) = ratio! As in Lbr, here it is Btr = Beam to draft ratio! This goes along with the further elaboration on the subject! Let me know if I am wrong! Regards PETER

I posted the author’s contact info. You have to contact him as he’s not going to answer here. – Rick

Thank you these formulas as I am planning a catamaran hull/ house boat. The planned length will be about thirty six ft. In length. This will help me in this new venture.

You have to ask the author. His link was above. https://www.facebook.com/terho.halme

I understood everything, accept nothing makes sense from Cm=Am/Tc*Bwl. Almost all equations from here on after is basically the answer to the dividend being divided into itself, which gives a constant answer of “1”. What am I missing? I contacted the original author on Facebook, but due to Facebook regulations, he’s bound never to receive it.

Hi Brian, B WL is the maximum hull breadth at the waterline and Tc is the maximum draft.

The equation B TW = B WL/Tc can be rearranged by multiplying both sides of the equation by Tc:

B TW * Tc = Tc * B WL / Tc

On the right hand side the Tc on the top is divided by the Tc on the bottom so the equal 1 and can both be crossed out.

Then divide both sides by B TW:

Cross out that B TW when it is on the top and the bottom and you get the new equation:

Tc = B WL/ B TW

Thank you all for this very useful article

Parfait j aimerais participer à une formation en ligne (perfect I would like to participate in an online training)

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

planing catamaran hull design

How To Create the Perfect Cruising Catamaran Layout

As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. We may also earn commissions if you purchase products from other retailers after clicking on a link from our site.

More than ever before, sailing fans are gaining an interest in catamaran layouts and designs that define performance. Many others are also looking into either buying a cruising catamaran or designing and building one. While building a catamaran is no piece of cake, this article shows you how to create the perfect cruising catamaran layout. 

To create the perfect catamaran layout, carefully consider factors like a good hull design, optimal helm station placement, boat stability, and adequate load-carrying capacity. Excellent galley positioning, ease of handling, and spacious living and sleeping quarters are also crucial. 

The modern cruising catamaran is a far cry from the simple Polynesian double canoe of old. That’s because structural innovations and new composite materials have resulted in multihulls with impressive cruising abilities. Keep reading to learn more about exceptional catamaran layouts.  

The Changing Trends in Catamaran Designs

The early cruising catamaran designs resulted in boats that could sail much faster than traditional sailing boats. In addition, they could glide with ease in shallow waters and required less wind and crew. Unfortunately, these cruising cats were heavy, had small, cramped interiors, and boasted somewhat challenging handling abilities. 

Today’s cruising catamarans are different. They boast the utmost comfort, high speeds, and the safety of a well-designed cruising yacht. They are also more exciting, visually appealing, deliver the smoothest of rides, and sport more spacious interiors. 

Have a look at the below video showcasing the top ten cruising catamarans:

Features To Look Out for in Catamaran Design Layouts

Cruising catamaran designers understand what most sailors look for in a cruising vessel. They, therefore, design cruising multihulls that address these pertinent issues and more. Some of the features you might want to consider having in your dream boat include the following:

  • Responsive performance. Outstanding performance allows for pleasurable cruising and ensures your safety since you have more options during difficult weather.
  • Excellent load-carrying ability . This allows you to have an extended cruising vacation or ocean crossing.
  • Boat stability . Go for lightweight, robust construction, which results in a lot of buoyancy.
  • A low center of gravity for smooth rides and enhanced performance. Centering weight around a low center of gravity improves the overall sailing quality, reduces pitching movement and reduces the risk of capsizing .
  • Adequate bridgedeck clearance to reduce slamming and provide better performance in rough conditions. A high bridgedeck also means less noise and slapping action from the waves hitting the boat bottom, thus ensuring a quieter, smoother ride.
  • Comfortable sailing. To enjoy a quality life on board, you need comfort while at sea. Thus, elements like gentle movement, no creaks or groans, no bridgedeck slamming, and minimal pitching are essential for quality, peaceful and restful sleep.  

Now that you know what a cutting-edge catamaran features, let’s look at how to create the perfect cruising catamaran layout.  

Build a Larger-Sized Catamaran

The early catamarans ranged between 36-42 feet (10.9-12.8m). At the time, this appeared to be a good size in terms of safety and ease of handling. However, the boats were heavy, and the additional drag and displacement adversely affected their performance and windward ability. 

It’s now possible to make the new generation catamarans lighter, larger, and more spacious with excellent power-to-weight features. The current trend is larger-sized catamarans in the 45-50 feet (13.7- 15.2) range. Composite engineering and technologically advanced equipment such as furling systems, electric winches, and autopilot make it easier for a smaller crew to sail larger boats with confidence. And to do so without compromising safety or stability. 

Get the Best Catamaran Hull Design

A cruising catamaran’s performance depends on three main aspects; its length, the sail area, and the boat’s weight. Long boats are generally fast. A light boat with more sail area is also faster than a heavier boat with less sail area. In other words, you can make a multihull faster by making it longer, lighter, or adding more sail.

However, there are exceptions to this rule; a boat with too much sail area is more likely to capsize if there are brisk winds. Also, if the boat’s design makes it too light, it’ll be unable to handle much punishment, while a hull design that’s too slim would make the vessel incapable of carrying any significant loads. But that’s not all; if the boat is too long or too large, it’ll become grossly exorbitant. Narrow hull shape might also mean smaller cabins.

Nonetheless, these three factors alone are not enough to determine a cruising catamaran’s performance. While faster boats boast finer hulls, the wetted surface area tends to increase as fineness increases; thus, fine hulls end up becoming less fast in low wind speeds. Also, very wide hulls mean a reduction in actual performance.

The Prismatic Coefficient (Cp), a measure of how full the ends of the hull get, is the most essential design hull shape factor for any catamaran. A high Cp equals high speeds, although you can still use a lower Cp if you have fine hulls. Nevertheless, the key to a good Catamaran design is a higher Cp for fast sailing. 

To achieve a high Cp, there are several things you can do: 

  • Fit bulb bows . Unfortunately, the bulb bows tend to slam in a seaway when you do this.
  • Have an extensive planning aft section . However, this can increase the wetted surface area, WSA and lead to additional challenges. 
  • Flatten out the hull rocker and add a bustle aft. This helps to add displacement aft. 

planing catamaran hull design

Build Convertible Main Living Spaces

The open cockpit is now a thing of the past. Instead, pioneering designers for catamaran manufacturers like Nautitech, Gunboat, and Catana now replace traditional-style salons, cockpits, and cabins with spacious indoor and outdoor living spaces. The concept involves merging separate saloon and cockpit areas with duplicate lounge spaces and the use of hard-wearing composite materials. 

You can also design the cabin to suit your preferences. You may decide to add a cabin or remove one, add a bathroom, have the forward berth in the hull or on the wing deck.

  • The design enhancements boost usable space while opening up the living areas.
  • It reduces time and costs for interior maintenance and cleaning. 
  • Large windows bring in more light, increasing visibility. 
  • Luxurious, spacious, and airy owners’ cabins provide more comfortable living space. 

planing catamaran hull design

Bulkhead Helm Stations vs. Twin Stern Steering

Many catamaran owners have traditionally preferred bulkhead steering. This helm position remains popular, but twin stern steering positions come with more advantages since they provide greater sails visibility. The twin stern positions are also best suited for racing or day sailing since they often lack adequate protection for extended cruising. 

Exposed helms are not ideal for a long ocean passage. Go for a safe, secure, and well-protected helm station that provides good visibility and comfortable space for long watches. Again, it’s best to have all control lines at the helm to establish a static control station. Also, have all push-button-controlled winches, instruments, windlass, and autopilot prominently located inside the cockpit. 

  • Twin stern steering positions give you a better view of the sails
  • You get a better feel for overall sailing conditions.
  • Twin stern steering positions lack the necessary protection for extended cruising. 

planing catamaran hull design

Go for the Flybridge Design

The flybridge design is appealing because it offers excellent visibility, more comfort, and additional entertainment and lounging space for everyone on board. Unfortunately for smaller boats – those below 50 feet (15.24m), there is minimal protection from the elements. As such, you might want to consider adding enclosures to offer protection. The flybridge, thus the helm, remains cut off from the vessel, which makes communicating with the crew a challenge. 

  • It provides great visibility.
  • It offers comfortable spacing. 
  • It might be unsafe to move from the cockpit to the flybridge in bad weather.
  • It isn’t easy to communicate with the crew.

Daggerboards vs. Fixed Keels

Average cruising catamarans typically utilize fixed keels while high-performance cats have daggerboards . Fixed keels allow you to beach your catamaran easily, and your hull remains intact if a collision occurs. While you lose some angle when sailing upwind, you gain more interior space in the hulls that you can put to good use.

Daggerboards are essential in a performance cruising catamaran since they guarantee that the boat delivers good upwind sailing, including during difficult situations. During long passages, they allow you to point better upwind though the drawback is that they consume much interior space within the cruising catamaran’s hulls.

Since flying on foils ( hydrofoils ) isn’t that practical on cruising catamarans, designers of larger-sized boats have also come up with modified daggerboards. These daggerboards produce lift and prevent leeway, too, thereby improving performance significantly, as seen with the Catana 59’s curved daggerboards. These foil-like daggerboards lift the boat ever so slightly upon reaching higher speeds, making it feel less heavy and much faster. 

At the end of the day, calculating the performance of a boat sailing in a wide range of varying seas and winds might not be easy – despite a daggerboard or fixed keel configuration. This is because upwind speed depends not only on the sails’ quality but also windage and the height of the bridgedeck beyond the water.

  • The design innovations -curved daggerboards and hydrofoils- improve catamaran performance significantly.
  • Daggerboards enable you to access otherwise inaccessible anchorages.
  • Daggerboards take up hull space in the hulls of your vessel.

planing catamaran hull design

Galley Up vs. Galley Down

Galley layout are becoming more and more important as more people, including families, start sailing regularly. While at sea, your galley needs to be a safe place, well-ventilated, and functional. Everything should be well-thought-out for the sailor’s comfort, including handholds to make it safer to move around the boat. 

While the galley location can either be up the bridgedeck or down in the hull, galley up appears to be the most popular trend. This makes the galley the focal point of both the living space and entertainment areas.

If you have a family, this placement is ideal since you make your meals from the galley and get to spend most of your time here. Many cruising families and couples prefer this arrangement and find separating the galley down the hull unappealing. Besides, carrying hot food up and down the staircase is unsafe.

Still, galley down is ideal for charter boats since it offers a private cooking area and uses up hull space efficiently.  

  • Having the galley on the bridgedeck is ideal for families and cruising couples.
  • Placing the galley on a similar level with the serving area and cockpit is safer and less tiring.
  • There’s better ventilation on the bridgedeck, making for comfortable cooking. 
  • There’s less kitchen privacy galley up.
  • On smaller catamarans, this layout can impact the size of the saloon seating area significantly.

Production Catamaran vs. Custom

The choice of either a production catamaran or a custom design might seem pretty straightforward. Production catamarans from major brands come backed by proven designs, dependable construction, solid warranties, and many years of experience. The catamarans are easy to service, source for parts, and most – particularly the owner’s versions – hold on to their value, making them much easier to resell. 

On their part, custom boats are fantastic in that you can tailor them to your exact needs. However, they might be more challenging to maintain or service. That’s because of parts unavailability and lack of construction knowledge.

Choose Quality Construction Materials

The best quality materials to use on your catamaran are both light and robust. While carbon fiber is great, plywood, plywood/epoxy, and strip-cedar are excellent materials too. What’s more, they are also affordable, so you don’t have to get too hung up on cutting-edge building materials. What matters is build quality; thus, a well-built plywood catamaran boat can last as long as a boat made from more high-tech materials. 

Combining various materials also helps combat some of the issues that plague plywood boats in terms of resale value. At times, the design tends to make the boats appear pretty dated.  

  • Plywood and strip-cedar materials are affordable and provide excellent build quality. 
  • Plywood boats may have a lower resale value than those built with modern materials.

Consider Ease of Handling

An important factor in handling a cruising catamaran is deck layout. Most cruising catamarans sailed short-handed , so if your boat has one helm, all lines should run back here to allow for a static control station for the entire boat. 

The other essential element is visibility from the helm. The 360 degrees of visibility while maneuvering, docking, or underway is crucial to your boat’s safety, as well as life and property. As such, you should be able to view both bows, or at least the pulpits and sterns, while standing at the helm. If not, you may have challenges handling the boat due to blind spots.

planing catamaran hull design

Consider the Load Carrying Capacity

A well-designed catamaran is enjoyable to sail in all weather conditions. It’s also much easier to handle than a monohull because of its widely spaced twin engines. But when you immerse extra hull depth, the vessel gets sluggish and moves slower, maneuvering in tight spots or when docking becomes more challenging. Furthermore, the hull submersion reduces bridge deck clearance, leading to hull slamming. 

To allow for adequate load carrying capacity, you need a design that provides a generous displacement. This helps to ensure that you maintain reasonable bridge deck clearance even when fully loaded. It also allows you to avoid digging big holes in the water as you drag your transoms. 

Displacement refers to the amount of buoyancy designed into the hulls, which essentially means that your boat will cruise better if its weight is less than your designed displacement.

Note that an overloaded catamaran not only loses out on performance but eventually, on safety too. To counter this, choose a lightweight catamaran with hulls bearing cored construction and interiors made of lightweight materials.  

Remember, when you go cruising, you will need to carry fuel, extra water, supplies, equipment, and amenities, translating into thousands of extra pounds. Therefore, try and avoid the following design errors to ensure that your catamaran has an adequate load-carrying capacity:

  • Avoid putting in place too much accommodation space.
  • Avoid building a heavy boat ‐ use low-tech construction materials.
  • Avoid installing inboards in a small boat.
  • Lightly constructed catamarans perform faster and carry more weight.
  • Cored construction makes for a strong and stiff catamaran, thus enabling good performance.

Final Thoughts

A well-designed cruising catamaran is a joy to behold. Today’s modern technological advancements mean that you can buy or build a light but strong cruising catamaran. And as you can see from this article, there are many excellent cruising catamaran layouts that you can choose from. 

However, whichever layout you decide on needs to fit your sailing needs and purposes to ensure you remain comfortable and safe while at sea. Above all, ensure that you go for a vessel that you can handle with ease in all weather conditions.

Owner of CatamaranFreedom.com. A minimalist that has lived in a caravan in Sweden, 35ft Monohull in the Bahamas, and right now in his self-built Van. He just started the next adventure, to circumnavigate the world on a Catamaran!

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment.

Recent Posts

Must-Have Boat Gear for Catamaran Sailors!

Sailing is probably the most gear-intensive activity I've ever done; there are so many decisions to be made about what gear to buy now, for tomorrow, and what to definitely never buy. The gear on...

6 Best Trailerable Trimarans For Bluewater and Coastal Sailing

Having a boat costs a lot of money, even when you are not using it, marina fees, etc. And once it is in the water most sailors never go very far from their "home marina" and sailing will be somewhat...

  • PERFORMANCE TOPICS

Optimising Hull Lines for Performance

This article was inspired by a question about the rocker line in the new 8.5m cat Design 256 and I want to stick to the point, so we won’t turn it into a book, but I’ll discuss two issues, hull fineness ratio and some aspects of the rocker profile.

When you manipulate the hull form you’re adjusting the lines in three planes, waterplanes (plan view), buttocks (side view including the keel rocker) and the section shapes. So you need to be aware of how the shapes are changing in the other two planes as you manipulate any one of these three, or all three globally as is now possible with computer modelling.

There are two fundamental constants that you start with and don’t change throughout the process. The big one is the displacement or the amount of buoyancy you need.

If you make the hull finer by narrowing the waterlines you have to increase the draft or make the ends fuller to get back to the required displacement number.

If you flatten the rocker line you have to increase the hull width, fill out the ends, or square up the section shapes rather than having a V or rounded V. 

The other constant is the longitudinal centre of buoyancy. You really can’t do any meaningful shaping of the hull form until you have settled on the these two constants.

A third number that we can plug in as a constant if we want to is the prismatic coefficient which describes bow much volume there is end the ends relative to the cross section shape in the middle of the boat, but in sailing boats this is of less importance compared to other factors. 

Lines plan for the Livewire Catamaran

The hull lines for Design 256, 8.5m Cat. It's that hump in the rocker line - right under the back of the cabin that brought up the question and is one of the key points discussed here.

Hull fineness.

Fine hulls are fast, but only in the higher speed range. There’s a misconception I come across quite a bit that you can add weight and windage and you’ll still be fast as long as your hulls are fine.

Well you won’t be. Your boat will simply sink to find the new state of equilibrium. If your transoms are submerged you’ll have more drag. If your bridge deck is too close to the water you’ll have slamming. Much better to be conservative with your displacement figure in the design stage than overly optimistic.

And fine hulls have more wetted area so you have more drag in light air where friction resistance is the primary drag factor. 

I’ve seen promotional material for catamarans stating that the boat has less wetted area because it has fine hulls. For a given displacement the minimum wetted area is described by a sphere (or a semi sphere in the case of a floating object). The more you stretch it out in length, keeping the displacement constant, the more wetted area you have.

The more you make the section shape into a deep V or a broad U with tight corners, as opposed to a semicircle, the more wetted area you have. Add into the equation finer hulls are slower to tack.

So fine hulls are only an advantage if your boat is light and has enough sail area to ensure you’re travelling at speeds where form resistance is greater than skin resistance.

In my view the advantage of fine hulls is often overrated as it applies to cruising cats.

At the other end of the scale the resistance curve is fairly flat up to about 1:9 which is still quite fast in most conditions. From there the resistance rises steeply as the hull gets fatter and at 1:8 and fatter you’re suffering from some serious form drag.

Illustration of buoyancy distribution in catamaran hull

This is the rocker line isolated from the lines plan above (in blue) and and the red line shows a more moderate rocker line that achieves the same buoyancy and maintains the centre of buoyancy in the same position.  The bow is to the right.

In the image lower right I've squashed it up and increased the height to make the difference in the lines more obvious.

The difference in the two lines is quite subtle, but races are often won or lost by seconds.

Rocker Profile

So if we’re looking for low wetted area we would want a rocker profile that was even and rounded, relatively deep in the middle and rising smoothly to the surface at each end. But this would give us a low prismatic which is not ideal in the higher speed range, and it’s not ideal for pitch damping which in my view is the critical design factor that is often underrated. 

Pitching is slow. It destroys the airflow in your sails and the flow around the hulls, and your performance is suffering from slamming loads.

The single most effective way to counter pitching is with asymmetry in the water planes. You can achieve that in the with a fine bow and broad transom. Or you can achieve it with V sections forward and a flattened U shape aft. Or you can achieve it in the profile view with a very straight run forward and a bump in the aft sections. A flatter rocker line is better for resisting pitching than an evenly curved one with deeper draft in the middle.

The final result is a combination of all three of these factors.

On a cat like Design 256 the weight is concentrated well aft so we need to get buoyancy well aft.

The kink you see in the rocker profile helps to do this. It also helps to keep the rocker straight for most of its length and smooth the water flow exiting the hull aft at higher speeds, possibly promoting some planing effect.

If we had a more even rocker line we would slightly reduce the wetted area, but we would increase the pitching and the water would exit the hull aft at a steeper angle, increasing form drag in the higher speed range.

How much of a bump can you put in there without creating a flow separation, and how damaging would that flow separation be? I really don’t know. The way all of these factors interplay in the various conditions we sail in is very complex.

Ultimately a lot of this work is gut feel nurtured by experience, observing things in nature and most importantly experimenting and trying new ideas.

Is the new Groupama AC45 a breakthrough that will influence the form of racing catamarans into the future? I don’t think anyone has a computer that can answer that. We have to wait and see.

Catamaran hull lines showing symmetric and asymmetric waterplanes

Symmetric and non symmetric water-planes. The blue line with grey fill is the DWL from the design above. As is typical with modern cat hulls the bow is long and fine, the stern is full and rounded. This is the asymmetry that has a damping effect on pitching. The red line on the other hand is more like you would see on a double ended monohull and quite a few multihulls have also used this shape in the past. It's quite symmetric about the pitch axis and does not have good pitch resistance.

Lines plan for the Livewire 28 Catamaran

The hull lines of the new 8.5m Sports Cat Design 256

Lines plan for Mad Max Design 101

Mad Max , Previously Carbon Copy . She was designed in 1997 but she's the current (2016) title holder of the Australian Multihull Chamionships (2 successive years) and the fastest inshore racing boat in Australian waters.

Join the Newsletter

Custom and Racing Designs

  • Scroll to top

Catamaran Design Guide

Spectacular sunsets in the Pacific turn the horizon into a brilliant spectrum of gold and orange colors.

Copyright © 2006, 2008 by Gregor Tarjan. Click here for terms of use.

performance, yet desire high daily averages and passage times, which should be as short as possible. When choosing a large multihull, sailors look, above all else, for safety and comfort, long before the consideration for flat-out speed comes into the discussion. Nevertheless, performance is a highly important design consideration. No catamaran sailor wants to sail slower than a same length ballasted keelboat. Below are some EVALUATION & COEFFICIENTS useful coefficients, which will help compare monohulls and multihulls objectively.

Bruce Number (BN)

below "Indigo," a magnificent Wormwood 70, sailing in sparkling Caribbean waters.

Wormwood Catamaran

Various multihull characteristics and design features can be expressed in mathematical formulas. Their results are crucial and will give prospective owners a basis of comparison between different types of catamarans. These numbers are important, as they eliminate ambiguity and clearly display various advantages or concessions of a design, which would be hard to quantify any other way. Mathematical coefficients not only will provide insight into a boat's performance in varying conditions, they also reflect concerns about loads to be carried safely, speed and stability.

We have already mentioned the Displacement/Length and Sail Area/ Displacement ratio in our chapter on Multihull Advantages, illustrating the point of a multihull's efficiency. Let's look at some other coefficients that give us an indication of a boat's performance.

What is performance and how do we really measure it? Most people who buy a cruising catamaran are not really interested in racing

The Bruce Number is very similar to the Sail Area to Displacement ratio although the formula is slightly different. It is the square root of the sail area in feet, divided by the cube root of the boat's displacement in pounds:

SA = upwind sail area (mainsail and 100% jib)

Displ = weight of the boat in pounds

Similar to the Sail Area to Displacement ratio, the higher the coefficient the faster the boat and better is its performance in light air. Typically a BN of 1.1 will be the threshold between fast and more sluggish multihulls. A heavy displacement monohull might have a BN of .7, whereas a modern cruising catamaran shows a BN of 1.3. Offshore multihull racers can have BNs of 2.0 and higher. The BN will also tell us about a catamaran's ability to withstand stronger winds before reefing. A boat with a higher BN is usually overcanvassed in strong conditions and will have to be reefed earlier than one with a lower coefficient.

On the other hand, they will be able to produce more "power" than their counterparts in lighter winds and perform better.

Sail Area to Wetted Surface (SAWS)

SA/WS = Sail Area Wetted Surface Coefficient

SA = upwind sail area

WS = total underwater surface area (hull and appendages)

This formula simply divides the upwind sail area of the boat (mainsail and 100% jib) by the wetted surface. This coefficient will give us a statistical indication of the multihull's lightair performance since in low wind conditions skin friction becomes an important factor. Monohulls can have coefficients of at least 7% more than multihulls.

Hull Fineness Ratio (HFR)

The Hull Fineness Ratio, known as the hull's beam-to-length ratio, is an interesting number. It is derived by simply dividing the waterline length of the hull by the waterline beam of the hull.

Max. WL/Max. Beam WL = Hull Fineness Ratio Max. WL = length of the hull at waterline in ft. Max. Beam WL = beam of the hull at the waterline in feet.

Monohulls, when compared to multihulls, have low hull/fineness ratios. In Part 1 of this

Catamaran Proportions

book, discussing "Efficiency," we saw that ballasted keelboats are limited to Archimedes' principle of hull speed (1.34 x VWL). Multihulls do not have these theoretical barriers, because their hulls are narrower.

The thinner the hull the faster it will be able to travel through the water. But, attention! It will also carry less unless you are on a mega cat. Typically, a 40' cruising catamaran's HFR will range from 8:1 to 10:1. Dennis Conner's above While sailing under spinnaker and experiencing virtually no roll at all, guests will always find a comfortable spot to relax on the foredeck, an impossibility on a monohull.

There are various methods of calculating the transverse stability of a catamaran. One of the simplest and most utilized techniques is establishing a relationship between the height of the Center of Effort (CE), displacement, beam and sail area. Multihull designer, James Wharram added safety factors of 20% to compensate for gusts and the dynamic environment of the ocean. Another method is described in the text below.

Multihull Stability & Capsizing Moment d - Displacement (kg) x half beam (m) max ~ Sail Area (sq m) x Height of Center of Effort (m)

P max = maximum pressure exerted onto sails

Multihull Stability & Capsizing Moment

Trimaran Center Effort

height of sailplan CE

half overall beam (half hull beam)

racing cat "Stars and Stripes" had a 16:1 HFR. Of course, the larger the boat, the narrower the hulls will become in comparison to its length. For example, the HFR of a 100' luxury catamaran may be 12:1, providing it with a high speed potential. However, monohulls can show HFRs of 3:1, though the comparison is complicated as their angle of heel affects the measurement.

One has to be very careful when analyzing the Hull Fineness Ratio of a cruising catamaran, because other factors such as the actual shape of the hull cross sections (Prismatic Coefficient, PC) can throw the analysis off balance. Go-fast sailors like to think that fine hulls are always fast. That is not necessarily true because a slim hull could have a large underwater volume, thus slowing it down. Consequently, a wide waterline-beam hull could have less drag than a narrower one. It could have a shallow underbody (low PC), which would be beneficial to load carrying (Pounds Per Inch Immersion Number, PPI) and early surfing characteristics at speed.

Stability Coefficient (SC)

This mathematical formula has been devised by the distinguished catamaran designer and sailor James Wharram and his team. This coefficient analyzes a multihull's ability (in a static environment) to resist capsizing due to wind.

( 0.682 VW x (.5 Boa) ) x .555 = CW .00178 x SA x h

W = Wind speed, apparent, in mph CW = Critical Wind Speed to capsize in mph SA = upwind sail area in sq ft. h = height of Center of Effort (CE) of total sail area

Boa = Beam overall

This formula will tell us how much wind it will take to overturn our multihull. By instinct we will know that a catamaran with a wide stance and a conservative sail plan will be very stable offshore. The SC formula will inevitably illustrate that a wider beamed catamaran with a tall sail plan will be as resistant to wind induced capsize as a short-rigged, narrower boat. This is not so if one considers the chaotic environment of waves and the real world of heavy weather sailing. It is interesting to note that a wide beamed boat (regardless of the SC) is more resistant to capsize in seas due to the effects of a higher moment of inertia. In an open-ocean environment, which is everything but static, the SC formula has little meaning. Nevertheless, it serves as a good basis to evaluate stability as a factor of wind force.

below When the wind suddenly comes up, all that is needed is a couple of turns on the jib furler to quickly reduce the headsail size. The catamaran will hardly sail any slower, but feel more comfortable.

Ship Hull Fineness

Wide hulls and a large overall beam will increase the overall righting moment of a catamaran. A word of caution: Excessive beam will reduce the fore and aft stability. Designers strive to compromise hull fineness ratios, place heavy weights towards the CG (Center of Gravity), and engineer hull and overall beam to achieve a seaworthy balance, which is safe, yet provides ample liveaboard accommodations.

Catamaran Stability Considerations

Seaworthy Catamaran

Diagonal Stability & Beam-to-Length Ratio (BLR)

Stability of a multihull, or the resistance to capsize, should be seen as three components. Athwartship Stability is one well-publicized type and the one often talked about. The other much more important types are Fore and Aft and Diagonal Stability. Fore and aft stability is established by the relationship between the boat's waterline length and the distance between the hull centerlines. It will reflect the catamaran's resistance to tripping. This relationship should be in the vicinity of 39% to 42%. For a seaworthy cruising multihull it is important maintain the proper ratio between length and beam, which, in turn, balances equal amounts of athwartship with diagonal stability. The goal should be to prevent the possibility of a sudden discrepancy of powers between fore and aft and sideways resistance. Most of today's multihulls keep these two component forces in equilibrium, making them extremely seakindly and safe.

Some early design multihulls were very narrow, partly due to the material limitations of that time. But things have changed. Contemporary composite construction allows designers to build wider boats without compromising stiffness. Production catamarans of today have a wide stance and have the benefit of greater safety margins in gusty wind conditions than their older cousins. Multihulls are sophisticated structures and true modern miracles. They provide a more comfortable ride and more interior room. Thanks to modern materials they weigh less and perform better than catamarans built only 10 years ago.

Some catamarans, especially production boats, which are very popular in the charter fleets, are growing wider by the year. The businesses who rent these beamy monsters adore them. Lots of room plus open decks are ideal for clients and the bigger (wider) the boat, the more paying guests can share the fees. But there certainly is a limit as to how wide is too wide. Extreme beam can be dangerous. It can lead to instability fore and aft and to excessive bridgedeck slamming, as the relative distance from the bridge deck to the water will decrease with an increase in width. A vessel with excessive beam might seem stable athwartships, but it will compromise overall stability.

We know that multihulls can, in extreme cases of seamanship error in wild storms, be thrown over from any side - front, back and beam-on. The best examples of this phenomenon are racing multihulls, especially Formula 1 trimarans, which have fine hulls for speed and huge sailplans to provide driving power. They are initially extremely stable athwartships (High Beam-to-Length Ratio), but have a tendency to become unstable fore and aft. They will surf down waves and reach a point where the power of the sails, and speed, will exceed the ability to keep the bows out of the water and the boat will pitchpole. This is the reason why catamaran designers usually draw their multihulls with a Beam-to-Length relationship of between 50% and 55%. The longer the vessel the lower that percentage becomes.

I am currently involved in the "Gemini" project, which presents an example. It very well might become the world's largest sailing catamaran. She will have an overall length of 145 feet, yet her beam will "only" be 54.4'.

Stable Catamaran Dingy

Please, don't worry. "Gemini" will not be tender and tip over in the slightest breeze. On the contrary, this monster will be one of the most stable craft afloat, although the beam-to-length relationship is only 37%. The relatively low beam-to-length ratio also involves the fact that the boat would be too heavy and building costs would be prohibitive if she were to have a standard 52% BL relationship. Most importantly, could you imagine turning a 75-foot-wide boat?

above Asymmetric spinnakers on furlers are great inventions. They add instant sail area, yet can be doused in a matter of seconds when the wind picks up strength.

Catamaran Underwing

above Although this Edel 35 was a good-looking and popular catamaran, it suffered from excessive bridgedeck pounding, which was caused by only several inches of clearance between the saloon's underwing and the sea.

Obviously there is a sweet spot in the beam vs. stability question. Designing too beamy a boat will also necessitate more freeboard to preserve bridgedeck clearance which, in turn, will increase windage and complicate maneuvering. Unless sophisticated aramid construction methods are utilized, more beam will also add more weight and stress to the structure. Adding more mass will, to a certain point, help make the boat more stable, but where do we stop? Is it better to add weight or width to make a boat stiffer? Of course, both characteristics are interrelated as a beamier boat normally is also heavier. Just adding weight to a catamaran simply to make her more stable will not pay off. Consequently, making a boat too wide might increase living space yet it will also burden the structure, require a beefier manufacture, and yield an even heavier boat. Needless to say, a boat which is too wide will also create practical restrictions such as maneuvering, the ability to haul the vessel and much higher building costs.

Beam has a great effect on bridgedeck clearance, which is one of the most vital characteristics of a good cruising catamaran. As standard practice, the well-known rule of 1" of bridgedeck clearance for each foot of beam was a safe way to prevent excessive wave slap. The wider the beam the more the relationship changes and the necessary height of 1" per foot of beam needs to be increased to 1.3" or more. In the extreme case of overly square boats, that number will have to be closer to 1.8" per foot of beam. This will have a negative effect on any seaworthy multihull that has a bridgedeck saloon. The wide beam will necessitate a high cabin sole to remain a safe distance from the waterline. In order to provide standing headroom, the coachroof might be higher than practical, which could result in a boxy, high-windage multihull. Not only will this be unattractive, but also raise the Center of Gravity (CG) which really should be kept as low as possible.

More overall beam on the other hand (given that there is still sufficient bridgedeck height) has a less known benefit, as it reduces the possibility of hull-wave interference, which is particularly important for fast designs. The wave interaction between the hulls can lead to additional resistance, and especially in an agitated sea state, the formation of wave crests can pound the bridge deck. Most early narrow-beamed catamarans suffered from this phenomenon,

Ultimately, a boat's design has a major influence on its ability to stand against the forces of nature, and to keep occupants safe. Manufacturing excessively wide catamarans is like trying to market monohulls with super deep-draft keels. Both are totally impractical. We designers have to make sensible compromises and learn from past experiences of what has worked at sea by balancing the benefits of a wide boat with its disadvantages.

below This narrow-hulled Outremer 64 Light has completed her third circumnavigation with the same owners. Note the smooth underwing clearance, lacking any protrusions or steps.

Outremer Standard

"A great cape, for us, can't be expressed in latitude and longitude alone. A great cape has a soul, with very soft, very violent shadows and colors. A soul as smooth as a child's, and as hard as a criminal's. And that is why we go!"

~ Bernard Moitessier

Catamaran Underwing

Dinghies, windsurfers and every imaginable type of water toy can be stored conveniently on large catamarans and easily launched from the wide transom steps for shore-side pleasures. Note the twin life rafts located in special compartments on the massive aft crossbeam.

Continue reading here: Hull

Was this article helpful?

Related Posts

  • Design Dynamics - Catamarans Guide
  • Hull Construction - Ship Design
  • Geometry - Ship Design
  • Heavy Weather Tactics - Catamarans Guide
  • Configuration Types - Catamarans Guide

Readers' Questions

What length should a stub keel be to waterline length on a catamaran?
There is no set rule for the length of a stub keel on a catamaran in relation to its waterline length. The length of the stub keel will depend on various factors, such as the size and design of the catamaran, intended use, and specific requirements of the boat builder. Generally, the stub keel on a catamaran is designed to provide stability and improve sailing performance, so it is important to consult with a naval architect or boat designer to determine the appropriate length for a specific catamaran.
What is a 16 passenger catarmarn like?
A 16-passenger catamaran is a type of boat or vessel specifically designed to carry 16 people comfortably. Catamarans are multihull boats with two parallel hulls, which are connected by a deck or a structure. They offer stability, speed, and efficiency in the water. A 16-passenger catamaran can vary in size and design, but generally, it will have enough seating or lounge areas for all passengers. It may have indoor cabins with beds or seating areas, as well as outdoor spaces for relaxation or socializing. These boats often come equipped with amenities such as bathrooms, kitchens or galleys for meals, and sometimes even entertainment systems. The catamaran's size can influence its specific features. Some catamarans are designed for day trips or shorter excursions, while others are built for longer journeys or overnight accommodations. Additionally, they can be used for various purposes, such as whale watching, diving trips, ferry services, or private charters. Overall, a 16-passenger catamaran provides a comfortable and stable platform for small groups or gatherings, allowing passengers to enjoy the beauty of the water while ensuring safety and comfort.
Is the catamaran hull floor always on the waterline?
No, the hull floor of a catamaran is not always on the waterline. The design of a catamaran allows for the hulls to be elevated above the waterline, reducing drag and increasing speed. The position of the hulls in relation to the waterline can vary depending on factors such as the weight distribution, load, and sailing conditions.
How close to a catamarans design reefing points should you go?
You should always be careful when approaching reefing points on a catamaran and stay as far away as possible. Generally, you should aim to stay at least 10 meters away.
What keel to length ratio for catamarans?
The keel-to-length ratio for catamarans typically ranges from 0.1 to 0.25.
Is 70% length to beam ok for a catAMARAN?
Yes, it is generally accepted that a catamaran should have a length to beam ratio of between approximately 6:1 and 8:1. Therefore, a 70% length to beam ratio would be within an acceptable range.
What is the waterline length to baem ratio of a typical cruising catamarans?
This ratio will vary depending on the type and size of the catamaran. Generally, the ratio should be between 1:1.5 and 1:2.5, with 1:2 being the most common.
  • Outremer 45
  • Outremer 4X
  • Outremer 4.zero
  • Outremer 52
  • Outremer 55
  • Outremer 51
  • Outremer 5X
  • All the Outremer Fleet
  • Personalized support
  • Blue Water Sailing Seminars
  • Our concept
  • The Outremer team
  • Our commitments
  • Construction principles
  • Our catamaran services
  • After-sales customer service & Quality control
  • Offshore Connected Catamaran Maintenance
  • Concierge Services
  • Our owners’ stories
  • FAQ – Outremer catamarans

planing catamaran hull design

  • Brokerage: used catamarans for sale
  • Privacy Policy
  • Legal Notice
  • Grand Large Yatching

Building expertise: our catamaran construction principles

At Outremer every specification has to be precise and consistent with what the naval architect has drawn. During catamaran construction, he or she works in close collaboration with the designers and engineers to reach a harmonious end result.

planing catamaran hull design

Safety, reliability, performance, comfort, and pleasure are the key words throughout the design of an Outremer blue water catamaran.

Peace of mind no matter the weather conditions.

An absolute priority for all sailors! We can accept that for racing boats, risks are knowingly taken into account, but for cruising catamarans, a very big safety margin is fundamental. For this reason, the daggerboards are essential to guarantee good upwind sailing, even in difficult situations (storms, rough seas, etc.). We don’t always choose to find ourselves in such situations, but Outremer will bring you back to port, in all conditions.

Resisting the test of time and continuous improvement

Every Outremer will without doubt cover several hundreds of thousands of miles across oceans or around the world during its lifetime and it is crucial that every system is proven and reliable. To achieve this, Outremer takes particular care with the standard of finish, with its choice of technologies and the selection of brands of equipment they install on their boats. What’s more, every year we conduct a survey among all new Outremer owners to help us consistently improve our liveaboard catamaran construction techniques. This feedback is especially important: it allows us to get closer to building the “perfect boat”!

Combining comfort and pleasure of sailing

Multihulls from the Outremer yard are of course, not racing yachts, but they are among the fastest of cruising boats! Performance is both a source of pleasure for any sailor and also an essential safety factor allowing the crew to have more options when facing weather risks, especially single-handed.

Unparalleled quality of life onboard

One of the keys to successful cruising! The quality of life on board depends essentially on comfort at sea. All the elements which go into making an Outremer are combined to achieve an incomparable quality of life with a comfortable interior: more gentle movement allows for quality sleep, no slamming under the bridgedeck, and reduced pitching, leading to good cooking conditions for whoever is in the galley. Silence on board, the absence of any creaking or groaning, so often found on a sailing catamaran, guarantees unrivaled peace and quiet.

Easy sailing and fun for all

Because the pleasure shared between the crew is the guarantee of harmonious life on board during a blue water sailing journey, Outremer takes everyone’s needs into account: skipper, crew, children, guests… Everyone can enjoy 360° visibility, perfect ventilation, and great ergonomics. And of course, the enjoyment of sailing, feeling a boat which goes fast and well, as seen when using the tiller which is available on Outremer boats, an incomparable way to feel a multihull slipping effortlessly through the water!

Loïck Peyron, 4X sponsor: “The point of sailing is the point of departure and the destination. Between the two, the sailing part is fun, of course, but it’s often too long!”

Architecture

Designing the ideal boat

Naval architects translate specifications into lines and volumes:

  • Hull designs carefully studied and optimized; long, to carry the required load and reduce forward resistance. Fine hulls demand, in effect, little power to make the move and allow them to maintain high average speeds under way. Not just that, but also to be able to use only one motor when there is no wind, reducing the amount of noise in the hulls when some of the crew are off watch, and also doubling the range under power.
  • Windage is limited for maneuvers in port and for better holding at anchor.
  • Centering the weight: a very low center of gravity, and weight distribution around that center of gravity – all these unseen elements add to the quality of sailing and reduce pitching movement.
  • Fine bows absorb pitching and help produce high levels of comfort under way.
  • Daggerboards for sailing to windward, going faster when close-hauled and being able to reach otherwise inaccessible anchorages. Sailing close-hauled on an Outremer catamaran is worthy of the best monohulls, even in the hardest of conditions.

Catamaran construction principles: how are Outremer multihulls made?

The methodology of the Outremer boatyard: putting forward a blend of high-tech technologies and know-how. Blue water cruising programs require significant safety margins: you need to be able to count on your boat in all circumstances!

Even though the philosophy of the yard of is to reduce weight, this must never be done to the detriment of the structure, and our designers are committed to reinforcing the essential areas: the bows are protected by several watertight crash-boxes, the lower part of the hulls are resistant to collision and knocking, the daggerboard wells are indestructible as the daggerboards act as a fuse, making it insubmersible as a result.

Even though modern composites such as those found in sandwich construction are essential materials for saving weight, an Outremer always has the lower part of the hull built in a very thick monolithic laminate: in the event of collision, no structure in sandwich construction could compete with the strength of an Outremer hull. The structure is completely laminated in the hull, and not simply glued on: there is no backing mold interfering with access to any part of the underwater hull, and all the systems remain visible and accessible.

The stiffness of an Outremer catamaran is incomparable

The main bulkheads are of large dimensions, and so are able to take much greater loads than a cruising multihull might encounter. Inserts in carbon fiber, closed-cell foam, isophthalic resins and high-resistance polyester: everything is designed to guarantee your safety for offshore sailing.

For the furnishings, sandwich panels are used to reduce weight, with wood veneer for warmth and aesthetic appearance. The furnishings do not add to the rigidity, and are insulated from the structural parts to reduce unwanted noise, creaks and groans. Aluminum structures support the floors, which don’t squeak either. No more wedged doors or drawers that won’t shut. For the equipment, we choose brands and makes for their quality, their reliability and their suitability with the boat’s program.

An Outremer is designed to be around for over fifty years

Owners change over time, all with ambitious projects and wanting to replace or add certain equipment to their cruising catamaran! In this respect, we apply four golden rules: every part of the boat and every system installed must be documented, be accessible, able to be checked and be replaceable.

Today, more than three million miles have been sailed by our multihulls on every ocean, most of them cruising tropical seas, though many have seen extreme conditions, ranging from Alaska to Patagonia. The huge amount of experience accumulated by Outremer has allowed us to refine and consolidate our principles of catamaran construction.

Catamaran Plans Sun Set

Catamaran Plans: Design, Build and Sail your own Multi-Hull Boat

Table of Contents

Why Build a Catamaran: The Benefits of Multi-Hull Boats

Building a catamaran offers many benefits over traditional monohull boats. One of the main advantages of catamarans is their stability. With two hulls instead of one, catamarans have a lower center of gravity, which makes them less likely to tip over in rough waters. This makes them ideal for families with children, or for anyone who wants to feel more secure while on the water.

Another benefit of catamarans is their increased speed and efficiency. The two hulls of a catamaran can displace more water than a single hull, which means they can move through the water faster and with less resistance. This makes them ideal for racing or for anyone who wants to cover more ground in less time. Additionally, Catamarans are also known for their space, as the twin-hull design provides more room for living and storage than a monohull.

planing catamaran hull design

Catamarans also offer more flexibility in terms of design. The two hulls of a catamaran can be configured in many different ways, which allows for a wide range of customization options. For example, one hull can be used for sleeping quarters, while the other can be used for storage or as a cockpit. This makes catamarans ideal for long-term cruising or for anyone who wants to create a unique and personalized boat.

Finally, catamarans are also more environmentally friendly than monohulls. Because they are more efficient, they can move through the water with less fuel consumption, which reduces their carbon footprint. Additionally, many catamaran designs incorporate solar panels and other renewable energy sources, which makes them ideal for anyone who wants to minimize their environmental impact while enjoying the water.

Designing Your Own Catamaran: Tips and Tricks

Designing your own catamaran can be a challenging but rewarding experience. Before you begin, it’s important to consider your needs and goals for the boat. Are you planning to use it for racing, cruising, or a combination of both? How many people will be on board? What kind of conditions will you be sailing in? Answering these questions will help you to determine the size, shape, and features of your catamaran.

One important tip when designing your catamaran is to keep it simple. While it can be tempting to add a lot of bells and whistles, the more complex your design, the more difficult and expensive it will be to build and maintain. Instead, focus on creating a functional and efficient boat that meets your needs.

planing catamaran hull design

Another tip is to take into account the materials you will be using. Different materials have different properties and costs, so it’s important to choose the right ones for your design. For example, wood is a traditional and affordable material, but it requires more maintenance than fiberglass. On the other hand, composites materials are more expensive but offer great weight to strength ratio.

Finally, it’s important to consult with experts and professionals during the design process. There are many resources available, such as online forums, books, and classes, that can help you to learn more about catamaran design and construction. Additionally, you should consider consulting with naval architects, boat builders, and other experts who can offer guidance and feedback on your design. They can help you to refine your ideas and ensure that your boat is safe and seaworthy.

Materials and Tools Needed for Building a Catamaran

Building a catamaran requires a variety of materials and tools. The materials you will need will depend on the design of your catamaran and the type of construction you choose. Common materials used in catamaran construction include wood, fiberglass, composites, aluminum, and PVC. Each material has its own unique properties and benefits, so it’s important to choose the right one for your project.

When it comes to tools, you will need a basic set of hand and power tools to complete your catamaran project. These include saws, drills, sanders, and other tools that are commonly used in woodworking or metalworking. Additionally, you will need specialized tools such as a router, a band saw, and a vacuum bagging system if you are building with composites materials.

planing catamaran hull design

In addition to the above tools, you will also need safety gear, such as goggles, respirators, and ear protection. Building a catamaran can be a challenging and time-consuming process, so it’s important to take the necessary precautions to protect yourself and others. Additionally, it’s important to have a well-ventilated workspace, as some of the materials and chemicals used in catamaran construction can be harmful if inhaled.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Building a Catamaran

Building a catamaran can be a complex and challenging process, and it’s easy to make mistakes if you’re not careful. Here are some common mistakes to avoid when building a catamaran:

One of the most common mistakes is not properly planning and designing your catamaran. This can lead to problems later on in the construction process, such as not having enough room for your intended use or not being able to fit certain components. It is important to take the time to carefully plan and design your catamaran, taking into account your needs, goals and the materials you will be using.

Another common mistake is not properly preparing your materials. This can include not properly storing or protecting the materials from the elements, or not properly cutting or shaping the materials before assembly. Proper preparation of materials is essential to ensure that your catamaran is strong and durable.

A third mistake is not using the right tools or not using them properly. This can lead to problems such as not being able to cut or shape the materials correctly, or not being able to assemble the boat properly. It’s important to research and invest in the right tools for the job, and to learn how to use them properly before starting the construction process.

planing catamaran hull design

Another common mistake is not properly securing and aligning the components during assembly. This can lead to problems such as leaks, or the boat being unstable on the water. It’s important to take your time and to work carefully to ensure that everything is properly aligned and secured.

Finally, not following safety guidelines is a mistake that should be avoided. This can include not wearing protective gear, not having proper ventilation, or not taking the necessary precautions to protect yourself and others. Building a catamaran can be a challenging process, but it’s important to prioritize safety to prevent accidents or injuries.

After completing the construction of your catamaran, there are several important steps to take before launching it. These include finishing the exterior and interior of the boat, and performing necessary safety checks.

Finishing and Launching Your Catamaran

Finishing the exterior of your catamaran involves tasks such as painting, varnishing, or applying gel coat. This step is important to protect the boat from the elements and give it a professional look. It’s important to use the right type of paint or finish for the materials you used in the construction, and to follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

Similarly, finishing the interior of your catamaran involves tasks such as installing cabinetry, flooring, and other finishing touches. This step is important to make the boat more comfortable and functional. You can add amenities such as a kitchen, a bathroom, and a sleeping area.

After the finishing is done, it’s important to perform safety checks on your catamaran before launching. This includes checking the boat’s systems such as electrical, plumbing, and navigation. You should also check that all the safety equipment is in place and working properly. This includes life jackets, flares, and fire extinguishers.

planing catamaran hull design

Once all the necessary steps are completed, you will be ready to launch your catamaran. Launching a catamaran is a complex process that requires coordination between the boat owner, the marina, and other professionals. The boat should be launched in a protected area with calm waters, and with the help of a crane or a trailer. It’s important to have a plan in place for launching and to be aware of the local laws and regulations.

Finally, after the catamaran is launched, it’s important to test the boat and make any necessary adjustments before taking it out on the water. This includes testing the systems, checking for leaks and making sure that the boat is stable on the water. After this, you can finally enjoy your new catamaran!

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Log in or Sign up

You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly. You should upgrade or use an alternative browser .

Planing hulls for sailing cat

Discussion in ' Multihulls ' started by Peter Brown , May 20, 2006 .

Peter Brown

Peter Brown Junior Member

I have been looking at building a planing hull sailing catamaran of 9 - 12 meters with hard chine hull shape and approximately 1.2 meter hull width. I want a boat that has good load carrying capacity, fast reachning and running speeds and good volume in the hulls so you don't feel like you're in a trench. The hull shape would be similar to that used by Peter Joubert on his Big Bandicoot project. As there are no boats being built like this I ask the question. am I on the wrong tack with my ideas? I would appreciate your thoughts and design ideas.  

gonzo

gonzo Senior Member

Yes, high load and planing capabilities are contradictory. Planing sailboats are light. With a cat, which has a very narrow bottom, light loads are even more critical because the lifting surface is rather small.  

frosh

frosh Senior Member

Planing cruising catamaran? Catamarans rarely plane, particularly the cruising variety. However boat speed is not really subject to Froude's law linking waterline length and highest practicable displacement sailing speed, for very slim hulls. Therefore why the requirement for planing hulls? Your requirement for 1.2 m wide hulls seems very wide if this is at the waterline. Check out the Schionning Design website to see the proportions of his cruising range of cats: http://www.schionningdesigns.com.au/www/welcome.cfm I strongly advise that in the size range you are interested in you use a plan from a reputable and proven multihull yacht designer. The cost of materials and the hours needed for construction are far too high to risk a failure, and also a well known design has far better resale value.  

dougfrolich

dougfrolich Senior Member

I don't think it worked that well.  

Attached Files:

Steppedhull.jpg.

grob

grob www.windknife.com

The planing hull catamarans that have been designed, built and sailed have usually had stepped hull shapes based on the floats of water planes. I guess Yves Parliers boat is the most famous of these. They claim it worked very well under the right conditions until it crashed and burned. Gareth  
It looks like Parliers boat is back up and running and on top form, she has just broken the solo 24 hr speed record so its not correct to say they don't work, but its really for racing not cruising. see http://www.parlier.org/hydraplaneur/evenements/records.php?id=30&lang=eng and for some design history http://www.parlier.org/hydraplaneur/bateau/histoire.php?lang=eng Gareth  
thanks for the advice. My reason for looking at wider/hard chine hulls is that when I raced a mosquito I would struggole on hard reaching and running while the paper tigers would fly past planing beautifully. I had a monohull cruising boat that was hard chined and down wind the boat would easily break out and achieve very good sppeds with good control. The wide hulls make them more livable and user freindly  

CORMERAN

CORMERAN Junior Member

To: PETER BROWN Re: PLANING CAT We designed and built a planing cat - with relatively wide hulls - that carries a load well. Sea trials gave us 37 knots - WITH a payload. Our MERGANZER design goes about as far as you can go - we think - and still call it a catamaran. I concurr with " frosh " - in the endevour you are considering - some sage advice will save you a lot of pain AND money. OOPS !! I looked more carefully at your request. You are talking about a sailboat. The boat I'm refering to is, of course, a powerboat. However - all is not lost. I have also made a planing, sail cat - as well. -This is your problem. A sailboat needs to perform in light airs. The inherent contridiction is: - that more you design for planing - the worse it will behave in low wind conditions. (With a power boat, light airs, are of little concern.) Also, as others in this forum will agree: it's not at all clear if cats ARE in fact " planing " - at so-called planing speeds. So making a planing cat - as I found - is quite a challange!  
Peter, your analogy where you mention the Mosquito cat and Paper Tiger cannot be applied to a larger, heavier (even relative to surface area of hull bottoms) cruising cat. For a start the Mosquito is not the slower of the two overall; only under a very specific set of conditions. Secondly by putting another person on board both cats, the Paper Tiger would probably cease planing and go slower than the round bottom Mosquito. What this translates to is: cruising encounters many different sets of wind and water conditions, and, the cruiser being loaded with equipment and supplies will behave like an over loaded Paper Tiger. There is nothing wrong with a hard chine design cat hull. There are many professional designs done this way, but not for the purpose of achieving high speeds or planing, rather ease of construction. I still re-iterate my earlier advice; obtain plans of a well known design. Maybe James Wharram's range has something in hard chine that appeals to you.  

Raggi_Thor

Raggi_Thor Nav.arch/Designer/Builder

I think it's a common mistake to optimize for maximum speed, while we most of the time travel at much slower speeds. For cruising I would hink that a good average speed and comfortable motion is the most important.  
This is a very good discussion and I thank all responses. When racing off the beach cats you looked at the SA/V ration of the hull and tried to minimise the SA. Having sailed on many bigger cats I find that they have the deep U section hulls, but beacuse of the load being carried are well down in the water so the SA/V ration is poor and the boats perfromance no better than a fast displacement boat for the length of the hull. The narrow hulls make for poor accomodation so I thought why do it, why not have bigger, roomier hulls that do not sink when loaded for cruising. This would give good displacement type speeds and then I thought why not have a boat which can plane. The extra bouyancy would stop the tendancy to nose-dive when being pushed hard. I realise that too much volume would give a harsh ride, but surely there must be some middle ground where you can achieve good volume in the hulls and good reaching and running speeds. As the boat is intended for long term cruising I am not concerned at high upwind speeds so long as the boat has good capabilities on the wind, but fast off the wind.  
Peter, probably it is not designed to plane, but I found this Australian design on the web. 30 ft. long by a maximum beam of each hull of 1.35m which should provide a fair bit of room. Kits are available as well. http://www.cunningcat.com/catindex.htm  
I see that wider hulls will be better for accomodation, but it will slow you down most of the time. Cruising cats has relatively small sail areas because of safety (I think). So going faster is more a question of how much sail you have the nerve to carry, and the danger of a capsize.  

nero

nero Senior Member

The solution I went along with is of Shuttleworth's lightbulb style hulls. I have 1 meter at the wl to 13.9 meters long. Displacement is at 7,000 kg. The hull is not designed to surf but to let waves pass without pitching. Well that is the theory. In another few years I'll see if it floats. I half of one hull built and the impression in the interior is "wide". At eye level there is 2.25 meters of width at mid ship. The "lightbulb" shape can be thought of as two hull superimposed. The bottom hull is for least resistance and the top hull is the safety that comes in to play when waves get big. Having no catamaran sailing experience, everything I note is theoretical or stuff I've read from others. And yes it is a gamble to put $30,000 into an experimental design. If all goes wrong, I'll float it on a small lake and sell it as a house boat. smile  
  • Advertisement:
To Mr. Peter Brown, yes a balance can be found. The planing multi - hulls I've designed and built have proved this. However, the specifics go into the area of copyright and pages of data and - with many clients - weeks of intense debate. I'm afraid you are at a point where spending some money - with experienced people - is virtually unavoidable..........  

BananaMan777

Best resources for learning boat design (Planing hulls)

Doug Lord

Mini Planing Lugger Canoe(proas)

Blacky

low speed planing cat

Parliers hydraplaneur and other planing cats.

jwtje

home made planing powercat.

peterchech

planing small proa?

Multihulls anonymous

Extra Marstrom 32 and f40 catamaran hulls

Michael78

Multihulls Direct?

pavel915

Connecting the demi hulls

pioneer_11

Books for a physicist to learn sailboat design (preference for mutihulls)

  • No, create an account now.
  • Yes, my password is:
  • Forgot your password?

Boat Design Net

Boat Pursuits Logo

How To Build A Catamaran? (A Step-By-Step Guide)

planing catamaran hull design

Are you excited about the prospect of building your own catamaran? With a little research, planning, and the right tools, you can turn your vision into reality in no time.

In this step-by-step guide, well show you how to make the most of this incredible boatbuilding project.

From selecting the materials and planning the design to constructing the hulls and deck and outfitting the boat, well walk you through everything you need to know to build a catamaran of your own.

So, grab your tools and lets get started!

Table of Contents

Short Answer

Building a catamaran requires careful planning and a lot of patience.

The first step is to decide on the design and the materials you will use.

You will need plans for the project, along with lumber and other materials such as fiberglass and epoxy.

The next step is to build the catamaran frame, which involves cutting and fitting the wood pieces together to form the hulls and decks.

Finally, you will need to attach the decking, add the rig and sails, and finish the project with paint and varnish.

Benefits of Building a Catamaran

Building a catamaran can be a very rewarding experience.

Not only will you have the satisfaction of creating something with your own hands, but you will also have a boat that is uniquely yours.

Catamarans offer many benefits over traditional monohull boats, making them an ideal choice for those looking for a reliable and efficient ride.

These benefits include greater stability, more space, improved fuel efficiency, and greater speed.

Stability is one of the biggest advantages of catamarans.

The two hulls provide a wider base that helps to keep the boat from rocking and rolling in rough waters.

This makes for a much smoother and safer ride, even in choppy waters.

Additionally, the two hulls create an open area between them that is perfect for storing equipment, making it ideal for longer trips.

Catamarans are also more fuel efficient than monohulls.

This is because the two hulls provide lift, allowing the boat to glide through the water more easily.

This means you won’t need to use as much fuel to power your boat, allowing you to save money in the long run.

Finally, catamarans are faster than monohulls.

This is due to the increased surface area of the two hulls, which allows the boat to move more easily through the water.

This makes them ideal for those who want to travel quickly and efficiently.

Overall, building a catamaran can be a fun and rewarding experience.

With the right materials and tools, you can create a boat that is unique to you and offers many benefits over traditional monohull boats.

With the right planning and construction process, you can create a catamaran that will be the envy of your peers.

Selecting the Materials

planing catamaran hull design

Selecting the right materials is a crucial step in building a catamaran.

The type of material you choose will depend on the size and type of catamaran you are building, as well as your budget and experience.

Catamarans are typically constructed from wood, aluminum, or fiberglass.

Each of these materials has unique advantages, so it is important to research the pros and cons of each before making a decision.

Wood is the traditional material used to build catamarans and is often the most cost-effective option.

Wooden catamarans are strong and stable, and they can be custom-built to any size or shape.

However, wood requires a lot of maintenance and can be susceptible to rot and water damage.

Aluminum is a great option for larger catamarans, as it is lightweight and resistant to corrosion.

It is also relatively easy to work with and can be welded together to create a strong and durable structure.

However, aluminum is a more expensive material and is not as flexible as wood or fiberglass.

Fiberglass is the most popular material for building catamarans, as it is lightweight, strong, and resistant to corrosion.

Fiberglass is also relatively easy to work with and can be shaped to create unique designs.

However, fiberglass is also the most expensive option and can be difficult to repair if damaged.

Once you have selected the material, it is important to purchase the right amount for the project.

Make sure to measure the catamaran carefully and purchase enough material to account for any mistakes or waste.

It is also important to purchase high-quality materials that will last for years.

With the right materials, you can build an amazing catamaran that you will enjoy for years to come.

Planning the Design

When planning the design of your catamaran, youll need to consider a variety of factors, including the size, shape, and type of material youll be using.

Consider the size and weight of the catamaran and the type of water it will be used in.

Youll also need to think about how the catamaran will be used, such as for recreational or commercial purposes.

When it comes to the shape of the catamaran, the most common design is the two-hulled V-shape.

This shape is ideal as it offers stability and is easy to maneuver.

However, depending on the type of use, other shapes, such as the three-hulled catamaran, may be better suited.

The material you choose for your catamaran will also play a role in the design process.

Common materials used to build catamarans are wood, fiberglass, aluminum, and composites.

Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages, so its important to research and select the best material for your project.

Finally, when planning the design, youll need to consider the outfitting of the boat.

This includes items such as decking, seating, and a helm station.

Make sure to think about the type of equipment youll need for your catamaran, and consider how it will be installed.

By taking the time to plan the design of your catamaran, you can ensure that you get the best possible outcome.

Doing your research, selecting the right materials, and choosing the right outfitting will all help you create an amazing catamaran that will last for years to come.

Constructing the Hulls and Deck

planing catamaran hull design

Constructing the hulls and deck of a catamaran is perhaps the most important and time-consuming step in building a catamaran.

You will need to plan the design of the hulls and deck carefully to ensure that your catamaran is strong, stable, and seaworthy.

When constructing the hulls, you will need to use strong and light materials that are suitable for marine environments.

Fiberglass is a good choice for this, as it is strong and lightweight.

You will need to cut and shape the fiberglass to fit the shape of the hulls, and you will need to use a strong adhesive to bond the pieces together.

The deck of the catamaran will need to be strong and stable enough to support the weight of the passengers and cargo.

You will need to construct the deck out of marine-grade plywood, and you will need to use a strong adhesive to bond the pieces together.

You may also need to add extra support beams to the deck for added strength.

Once the hulls and deck have been constructed, you will need to sand and finish them to ensure a smooth and watertight surface.

You may need to use a sealer or primer to protect the wood and fiberglass from the elements.

Finally, you will need to attach the hulls and deck together.

This can be done with bolts, screws, or other fasteners.

You may also need to use a water-resistant sealant to ensure a watertight connection between the hulls and deck.

Outfitting the Boat

Outfitting a catamaran is an essential part of the build process.

Once the hulls and deck are constructed, you’ll need to ensure that all the necessary components are in place for a successful voyage.

This includes items such as masts, sails, rudders, and outriggers.

It is critical to ensure that the boat is outfitted with the right components for its size and purpose.

For example, if you are building a small catamaran for speed and agility, you’ll need to outfit it with a light and responsive mast and sail.

If you are building a larger craft for comfort and luxury, you’ll need to outfit it with a heavier and more resistant mast and sail.

Additionally, you’ll need to select the right outriggers and rudders for the catamaran’s size and purpose.

Outfitting a catamaran can be a complex process, and it is important to do the research and plan ahead.

Taking the time to select the right materials and components will ensure that your boat is outfitted for success.

Additionally, it is important to use quality materials and components to ensure a safe and successful voyage.

With careful planning and quality components, you can outfit your catamaran for a successful journey.

Acquiring the Right Tools

planing catamaran hull design

When it comes to building a catamaran, having the right tools can make all the difference.

To get started, you’ll need a variety of hand tools, including saws, drills, sanders, and screwdrivers.

You’ll also need power tools like routers, biscuit joiners, and angle grinders.

It’s also important to have safety equipment like safety glasses, ear protection, and respirators.

You’ll also need a variety of measuring tools, such as rulers, calipers, and tape measures.

Finally, you’ll need a selection of glues, adhesives, epoxies, and sealants.

With the right tools, you’ll be able to complete your catamaran project safely and efficiently.

Researching and Planning Your Build

Researching and planning your build are essential steps in the process of building a catamaran.

The first step is to become familiar with the design and construction of catamarans.

Start by researching different types of catamarans, from the small and lightweight recreational boats to the larger and more luxurious cruising vessels.

Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of catamarans and determine which type is best suited to your needs.

Once you have a good understanding of the different types of catamarans, you can begin researching the materials and tools you will need for your project.

You will need to choose the type of wood you will use for the boats hulls and deck, as well as the type of fiberglass and resin you will use for the hulls and deck.

You will also need to choose the type of engine you will use and the type of rigging and sail you will use.

Once you have selected the materials and tools you will need for your project, you will need to create a plan for the construction of your catamaran.

You will need to determine the size and shape of your boat, the types of joints you will use to construct the hulls and deck, and the type of engine and rigging you will need.

You should also plan out the sequence of construction steps, so that you can build the catamaran in the most efficient way.

Finally, you will need to research the best ways to protect your catamaran from the elements.

You will need to determine what type of paint or varnish to use on the hulls and deck, and you will need to research the most effective ways to protect your boat from the sun, wind, and water.

By taking the time to research and plan your build, you will be able to create a catamaran that is well-built, efficient, and beautiful.

With the right research and planning, you can create an amazing catamaran that will be the envy of your friends.

Final Thoughts

Building a catamaran is a rewarding experience that can be achieved with the right approach and materials.

With a clear plan, the right tools, and a good understanding of woodworking and fiberglass techniques, you can build an amazing catamaran to share with your family and friends.

So what are you waiting for? Get started on your own catamaran build today and all the rewards that come with it!

James Frami

At the age of 15, he and four other friends from his neighborhood constructed their first boat. He has been sailing for almost 30 years and has a wealth of knowledge that he wants to share with others.

Recent Posts

Does Your Boat License Expire? Here's What You Need to Know

Are you a boat owner looking to stay up-to-date on your license requirements? If so, youve come to the right place! In this article, well cover everything you need to know about boat license...

How to Put Skins on Your Boat in Sea of Thieves? (Complete Guide)

There is a unique sense of pride and accomplishment when you show off a boat you customized to your exact specifications. With Sea of Thieves, you can customize your boat to make it look like your...

  • 2024 BOAT BUYERS GUIDE
  • Email Newsletters
  • Boat of the Year
  • 2024 Freshwater Boat and Gear Buyers Guide
  • 2024 Boat Buyers Guide
  • 2024 Water Sports Boat Buyers Guide
  • 2023 Pontoon Boat Buyers Guide
  • Cruising Boats
  • Pontoon Boats
  • Fishing Boats
  • Personal Watercraft
  • Water Sports
  • Boat Walkthroughs
  • What To Look For
  • Best Marine Electronics & Technology
  • Watersports Favorites Spring 2022
  • Boating Lab
  • Boating Safety

Boating Magazine Logo

Six Amazing Boat Hull Designs

  • By Dean Travis Clarke
  • Updated: October 25, 2016

Six Amazing Hull Designs

The American boating consumer bears a remarkable psychological profile when it comes to wants and needs.

A cursory glance at the lines of most boats proves that profiles haven’t changed dramatically over the past 60 or so years. Certainly, construction methods such as resin infusion and injection molding have altered business as usual, and ingredients have also changed to include all manner of space-age composites, epoxies, paints, computer mapping for engines that produces vastly greater horsepower from smaller blocks, and so on. Even propulsion has changed with the advent of pod drives and big outboards. But here’s the weird part: Any time a designer or builder introduces a model that looks significantly different, whether it is Euro-styled or functionally clunky, it fails. It doesn’t matter how well the boat performs, the typical boater rejects it because it doesn’t look like what he knows. We, as an enthusiast niche involving boats, are horribly set in our aesthetic ways.

Look at how well multihulls handle heavy seas. When it comes to seakeeping ability, efficiency and performance, the catamaran has a lot going for it, as anyone who happened to catch some of the most recent America’s Cup racing can attest. And yet, to date, production multihulls have enjoyed only moderate acceptance by boaters.

Here are six of the latest hull-design innovations and technologies being used elsewhere in the maritime world that we will likely never accept for our recreational boats — even though they all work well.

Six Amazing Hull Designs

Wave-Piercing Hulls Most accounts cite wave-piercing technology as coming on the scene around the start of the 20th century. However, it has been employed as far back as the times of the Phoenicians and ancient Romans. The design concept consists of a bow with little buoyancy, a hull that slopes inward from the waterline and, ergo, a large reduction in wave-making resistance. While it works well in heavy seas, the drawbacks include reduced interior volume forward and a very wet ride because the waves come up and over the bow as a matter of course. Wave piercers fell out of favor for a period of time due to these same drawbacks but have recently enjoyed a resurgence of popularity because of their dramatic fuel-efficiency gains.

Six Amazing Hull Designs

Stepped Hulls OK, this hull form has achieved a certain level of acceptance in our recreational boats, mostly in performance boats or offshore center consoles. But why isn’t it more popular? The stepped bottom has been around as a V-bottom refinement since at least 1912. Steps are grooves in the hull stretching outward from the keel to the chines. Most hulls sport one or two steps per side. And a vessel should really be capable of cruising in excess of about 30 knots for a stepped hull to be worthwhile. Steps work by allowing air to be “injected” against the running surface, breaking contact between part of the hull and the water, which in effect turns the running surface into numerous short, wide planes, rather than one long, narrow one.

How much the hull surface contacts the water directly determines the amount of drag a hull suffers. Steps (also called vents) decrease the amount of hull contacting the water (called the wetted surface), thereby decreasing drag, increasing speed for the same horsepower, and increasing fuel efficiency. It all sounds good. But steps also come with potential drawbacks. Though modern deep-V designs have enough deadrise to counteract the problem in most cases, stepped hulls have been known to suffer from transom slide in sharp turns at speed. They also require attention to loading and trim because the steps need the proper angle of attack to function correctly; they don’t offer an advantage in flat, calm water; and they require a special trailer.

Most owners of stepped-hull vessels are experienced and want to travel at high speeds in moderate to heavy seas, and/or achieve good economy and range. Yet to date, performance and center console builders aside, only Regal Boats, with its FasTrac hulls, and Formula have committed to using steps in production cruisers and sport boats.

Six Amazing Hull Designs

Asymmetrical Twin Hulls This unique design concept comes from the drawing board of Larry Graf, the pioneer who put power catamarans on the map here in the U.S. when he founded Glacier Bay Boats in 1987. His new company, Aspen Powerboats, employs a cat design where one hull is narrower (35 percent) than the other. His patent calls it a Power Proa, and it relies on a single engine in only the wider of the two hulls. The hull shapes, alignment and placement compensate for the offset propulsion thrust, allowing the vessel to run straight and true. With only one set of running gear in the water, inherent appendage drag is reduced by 20 percent. Combined with the efficiency of the hull designs, overall fuel efficiency of the Aspen rises to an impressive 70 percent over monohulls of comparable size. Aspen won an award for the best 30- to 39-foot catamaran in the world in 2014.

Six Amazing Hull Designs

SWATH A quick glance might lead you to believe that a SWATH (small waterplane area twin hull) vessel is a catamaran. And it is but only to the extent that it has two hulls in the water with a bridge across the top. But that’s where the hulls’ similarities end.

Consider a submarine. Once under the surface, it runs stable, with no roll or pitching from wave action. All that wave energy remains on the sea surface. That basically explains how a SWATH design functions.

If you’ve ever dived under a wave at the beach to avoid being smacked by it, you know that the water beneath the wave is calmer. SWATH minimizes a vessel’s volume where the water meets the air (which is where all the wave energy is at its peak). The bulk of the vessel’s displacement and buoyancy runs beneath the waves, affording amazing stability, even in big seas and at high speeds. Please think of high speeds as a relative term here, as this is not a planing hull. What SWATH does provide, however, are a wide, stable deck and unsurpassed ride quality, especially in rough seas.

Drawbacks to SWATH designs include the fact that each hull must be custom designed. Draft runs deeper than standard hulls (especially planing hulls). The underwater “torpedoes” providing buoyancy must run parallel to the water’s surface, which requires a fairly complex trim-control system. And the underside of the deck must be far enough above the sea surface to avoid waves slamming up into it. Finally, SWATH vessels cost more to design and build than conventional hulls.

Six Amazing Hull Designs

Hydrofoils Once the strict province of commercial ferries and a few high-speed military vessels, the most recent America’s Cup has spurred hydrofoil acceptance to new heights. Will it catch on with powerboats?

The hydrofoil design acts exactly like an airplane wing, providing more lift than the drag coefficient the vessel produces, thereby lifting the entire hull out of the water. Only the hydrofoils remain in the water, unaffected by surface wave action. In fact, hydrofoils cut inherent resistance to zero while the hull is out of the water. In the case of power-driven boats, you still suffer drag from the propulsion system (prop, shaft or the like).

The most significant disadvantage to this system on recreational boats is definitely the deployment of the foils. Unless you want the added draft of these struts sticking down below your hull all the time, you must be able to extend and withdraw them — a complex engineering feat. There is at least one recreational powerboat employing hydrofoils: Twin Vee builds a catamaran with foils that don’t actually lift the hulls completely out of the water. It does improve fuel economy and ride stability nonetheless. Still, boats ride more smoothly in a sea and go much faster with hydrofoils. With the dramatic acceptance of this technology in sailing, is it only a matter of time before recreational powerboats incorporate foils into their designs?

Six Amazing Hull Designs

Ulstein X-Bow The Norwegian Ulstein Group has been designing offshore vessels since 1917. Presently, it has the notoriety of creating the most advanced bow design in history. The Ulstein X-Bow looks like it might be upside down, but it’s proven itself in more than 100 offshore support vessels to date. The X-Bow allows higher speeds and smoother rides in even the worst seas. Gone are the slamming and vibration that occur when the bow of a ship drops off a wave. It functions better on all points of sea, and its lower hydrodynamic drag substantially decreases fuel consumption. The X-Bow has proven so successful that Ulstein is in the process of creating an X-Stern design now.

You won’t ever see this on small recreational boats, but you can nod knowingly when someone points one out on a mega-yacht in the near future.

  • More: Boats

Bayliner Trophy T23 Pilothouse running near shore

Boat Test: 2024 Bayliner Trophy T23 Pilothouse

Nuova Jolly Prince 33 CC running offshore

Boat Test: 2024 Nuova Jolly Prince 33 CC

Starcraft SVX 231 OB CC running

Boat Test: 2024 Starcraft SVX 231 OB CC

Bass Cat Caracal STS running fast

Boat Test: 2024 Bass Cat Caracal STS

Starcraft SVX 231 OB CC running

I Learned About Boating From This: Capsize, Rescue and Lessons Learned

Regal 38 Surf cruising

Boat Test: 2024 Regal 38 Surf

Boating Magazine Logo

  • Digital Edition
  • Customer Service
  • Privacy Policy
  • Cruising World
  • Sailing World
  • Salt Water Sportsman
  • Sport Fishing
  • Wakeboarding

Many products featured on this site were editorially chosen. Boating may receive financial compensation for products purchased through this site.

Copyright © 2024 Boating Firecrown . All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.

  • Hispanoamérica
  • Work at ArchDaily
  • Terms of Use
  • Privacy Policy
  • Cookie Policy

8 Projects that Exemplify Moscow's Urban Movement

planing catamaran hull design

  • Written by Marie Chatel
  • Published on July 27, 2016

When it comes to urbanism these days, people’s attention is increasingly turning to Moscow . The city clearly intends to become one of the world’s leading megacities in the near future and is employing all necessary means to achieve its goal, with the city government showing itself to be very willing to invest in important urban developments (though not without some criticism ).

A key player in this plan has been the Moscow Urban Forum . Although the forum’s stated goal is to find adequate designs for future megacities, a major positive side-effect is that it enables the city to organize the best competitions, select the best designers, and build the best urban spaces to promote the city of Moscow. The Forum also publishes research and academic documents to inform Moscow’s future endeavors; for example, Archaeology of the Periphery , a publication inspired by the 2013 forum and released in 2014, notably influenced the urban development on the outskirts of Moscow, but also highlighted the importance of combining urban development with the existing landscape.

planing catamaran hull design

Concluding earlier this month, the 2016 edition of the Moscow Urban Forum focused on smart cities and the impact of technology on the ways we interact with people and use public infrastructure and civic spaces. The 2016 Forum invited city officials, urbanists, and architectural practitioners – including Yuri Grigoryan from Project MEGANOM ; Pei Zhu from Studio Pei Zhu ; Hani Rashid from Asymptote ; Reinier de Graaf from OMA ; Yosuke Hayano from MAD Architects ; and Kengo Kuma from Kengo Kuma Architects – to share about their knowledge and experiences in urban design. With the city looking forward to the built results of the latest Forum, we take a look back at some of the major developments in Moscow that have emerged in the past five years.

1) Gorky Park and Garage Museum

planing catamaran hull design

In 2010 the city government decided to improve Muscovites’ urban environment and create public spaces, and Gorky Park was the first project of note. The Russian equivalent of Central Park, it used to attract masses of tourists to its amusement park, but no residents would spend time there. Its reconstruction began in 2011 and featured infrastructure for strolling, sport, work, culture and leisure.

Inside the park lies the Garage Museum of Contemporary Art , a landmark building from the Brezhnev communist era which was renovated and transformed by OMA in 2015. The Dutch firm kept the original structure “as found,” only repairing elements from its prefabricated concrete walls – often clad with brick and decorative green tiles. Instead, the redesign focused on a double-skin facade of polycarbonate plastic that enclosed the original structure and preserved it from decay.

planing catamaran hull design

2) Zaryadye Park, Diller Scofidio + Renfro

planing catamaran hull design

Due to open in 2018, Zaryadye Park designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro is probably one of Moscow ’s most cutting-edge projects. Located next to the Kremlin, the Red Square, and St Basil’s Cathedral, the project embodies what the architects calls “Wild Urbanism.” The project notably includes four artificial microclimates that mimic Russian landscape typologies: the steppe, the forest, the wetland and tundra. “It is a park for Russia made from Russia,” as Charles Renfro explains , in that “it samples the natures of Russia and merges them with the city, to become a design that could only happen here. It embodies a wild urbanism, a place where architecture and landscape are one.”

planing catamaran hull design

3) Moscow Riverfront, Project Meganom

planing catamaran hull design

Russian firm Project Meganom has also designed an ambitious project for Moscow ’s riverfront. Their masterplan also aims for a dialogue between the built and natural environment. A series of linear green spaces follow the river, and lines for pedestrians, cyclists, cars, and public transport are clearly delineated, improving the use of the public squares. River embankments are also transformed to function as areas for activities, communication, education and creativity nodes for public gathering.

planing catamaran hull design

4) Krymskaya Embankment, Wowhaus Architecture Bureau

planing catamaran hull design

Wowhaus Architecture Bureau recently transformed the 4-lane road at Krymskaya Embankment into a landscape park that connects Gorky Park with Krymsky bridge. The area used to be deserted, but is now reactivated with distinct transit and sport zones, as well as pavilions for artists’ exhibitions. Wave-shaped bicycle ramps, paths, and benches feature on the artificial landscape, which is also used for sledding, skiing, and skating in the winter.

planing catamaran hull design

5) Hermitage Museum and ZiL Tower in Moscow, Asymptote Architecture

planing catamaran hull design

New York architectural firm Asymptote Architecture are currently building two projects, a 150-meter residential tower and a satellite facility for St Petersburg’s well-known Hermitage Museum , where modern and contemporary art collections will be displayed. Situated in one of Moscow ’s oldest industrial areas, Asymptote’s buildings will lie in place of a Constructivist factory – which explains why the museum was reportedly inspired by El Lissitzky's "Proun" painting, as the terrace interior clearly shows.

planing catamaran hull design

6) “My Street”

planing catamaran hull design

“My Street” is the largest-scale program led by Moscow ’s government. The project aims to create about 50 kilometers of new pedestrian zones within the city center and periphery. The extensive program aims to solve parking issues, renovate street facades, and repair sidewalks and walkways with delimited areas for public transports, cars, cyclists, and pedestrians. “My Street” also requires a strong governance strategy and coordination; led by the Strelka Institute’s consultation arm KB Strelka , the project also involves 17 Russian and foreign architecture practices that were all individually in charge of one street, square or group of streets. Notable architects include the German firm Topotek 1 , the Dutch group West 8 , and the Russian firm Tsimailo , Lyashenko and Partners.

planing catamaran hull design

7) Moscow Metro

planing catamaran hull design

Moscow Metro is an architectural masterpiece that has been elaborated on since the 1920s. Its stations from the Stalin era are known for their unique designs with high ceilings, elaborate chandeliers and fine granite and marble cladding. To ensure that Moscow Metro remains an emblem of the city’s urban culture and powerful transportation system, the city’s government organized various competitions for the renovation of some Metro stations. Russian-based practice Nefa Architects was chosen to redesign Moscow’s Solntsevo Metro Station, while Latvian firm U-R-A will transform Novoperedelkino Subway Station . New stations are also being built, including two stations by Russian firms Timur Bashkayev Architectural Bureau and Buromoscow which should be completed by the end of 2018.

planing catamaran hull design

8) Luzhniki Stadium

planing catamaran hull design

Luzhniki Stadium is Moscow ’s main venue for sporting and cultural events. With Russia hosting the 2018 FIFA World Cup , the stadium should reflect Moscow’s intent to become a leading megacity, which is why $540 million has been spent on construction works. Its renovation mainly focuses on the roof and seating areas, and the capacity is planned to increase up to 81,000 seats. Works will be completed by 2017.

Find out more information and talks on Moscow’s urban development and the future of megacities on Moscow Urban Forum’s YouTube channel .

planing catamaran hull design

  • Sustainability

世界上最受欢迎的建筑网站现已推出你的母语版本!

想浏览archdaily中国吗, you've started following your first account, did you know.

You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.

X-Plane Reviews

  • Remember me Not recommended on shared computers

Forgot your password?

  • Payware Airports and Scenery Reviews

Scenery Review : Moscow City XP by Drzewiecki Design

  • drzewiecki design

Stephen

By Stephen September 24, 2016 in Payware Airports and Scenery Reviews

  • Reply to this topic

Recommended Posts

Advanced Member

You fly for hours, anticipating your arrival, wanting to take in the area and the views of another country far away from your departure airport. The airport and the area you leave from is detailed and visually full, and you know you have a great airport scenery waiting for you at the other end of the flight, then when you arrive...

...  Nothing, but flat plain emptiness and the same boring standard X-Plane basic scenery, worse there is no OSM (Open Street Map) data in the tile either, so there is no road or autogen detailing in there as well, just well nothing.

When Drzewiecki Design released their UUEE Sheremetyevo Airport XP , I loved it because it was like a visitor from the Cold War past, the Soviet era, and it was also great scenery and great choice of a destination to fly to from any of the capitals of Europe...  but that was it, just this great airport in the middle of nothingness, bland....   zero ville.

Moscow old.jpg

Now Drzewiecki Design has released "Moscow City"  a scenery package to compliment their UUEE Sheremetyevo, and boy how much a difference this release has done to this totally boring area.

To get the full first impression effect I flew JARDesign's A320neo from EFHK Vatnaa, Helsinki to UUEE Sheremetyevo which is flight Finnair AY153 which is a daily 9.25am service.

Moscow City_ Dep Vatnaa 1.jpg

First Impressions

I was surprised to start picking up scenery still quite away out from central Moscow, as I approached my 6000ft transition altitude. Here there was buildings and houses and the physical visual notes you were arriving somewhere.

Moscow City_ Dep arrival 1.jpg

Looking hard at the horizon through the A320's windows and you could see the iconic silhouette of Moscow city.

Moscow City_ Dep arrival 5.jpg

The scenery provides lite versions of all Moscow's Airports, this is UUWW Vnukovo, which was easily recognisable as you flew over. As you fly closer to the centre of the city the density of the objects below becomes quite heavy as the landscape fills in. You have all kinds of infrastructure including, blocks of flats, tower blocks, factories, housing, skyscrapers and almost everything that makes up an urban landscape, in all there is 2000 custom-made buildings that makes up this impressive scenery.

A note here in that you don't get that rolling as you move feeling effect where as it just suddenly appears in front of you and then quickly disappears behind as soon as you have flown out over the area. There is a slight effect of that as there has to be, but only in the far distance and as you can see from the images the views in every direction are widespread and visually it is very good to excellent.

The "Seven Sisters" or "Stalinist skyscrapers" built from 1947 to 1953 are all in the scenery with their "Wedding Cake" architecture or officially  Russian Baroque               - Gothic style. Most famous is the Moscow State University, front and centre of the image below.

Moscow City_ Dep arrival LG 16.jpg

Central Moscow is excellent and extremely realistic, and you really need a travel guide to pick out the landmarks and detail, but it is hard to miss the Red Kremlin complex  and St Peter's square from the air.  Both sides of the aircraft is visually full until you have crossed right over the city.

Moscow City_ Dep arrival 7.jpg

I am not a fan of the generated 3d OSM scenery, but this is very good in blending in perfectly with the X-Plane default scenery and giving you a smooth transition from country to urban and back again with great realism.

Moscow City_ Dep arrival 14.jpg

Over the city and turning north towards Sheremetyevo, another Moscow airport UUMU Chkalovsky is represented on the turn.

Moscow City_ Dep arrival 17.jpg

The city skyline is now easily visible on landing at Sheremetyevo, and that really helps in the arrival factor, more so in that the cities building infrastructure spread now comes up and around the airport to fill the gaps to the city itself, and making the original  Sheremetyevo scenery that was so open and lonely in the old X-Plane view is now a big part of the whole in this combination. No doubt it really brings this always good scenery now alive and very usable.

Moscow City_ Dep arrival 19.jpg

Sheremetyevo Airport

Before we move on to the city itself. It is important to note the area around UUEE Sheremetyevo itself.

Moscow Sheremetyevo 1.jpg

Compare the large image above to the earlier image at the start of this review to see the amount of change there is around UUEE Sheremetyevo with the addition of this Moscow City package. The two sceneries are of course meant to be used together, and in reality it would look odd if you had Moscow City scenery installed without the Sheremetyevo scenery included to fill out the northern areas. A highlight is that both sceneries together form a single whole, as the areas between the airport and the central city area are well filled in and that gives you a huge area of coverage and the full visual aspect.

To get a closer lower look at the Moscow Center I commandeered Dreamfoil's lovely Bell 407.

Moscow Buildings 1.jpg

There is a 4.000km² total area covered with this scenery here, and you have expect some sort of building replication to cover all that ground. There is of course but as well in the fact there is also enough variations as to not keep it all interesting and not obviously visually obvious.

Moscow Buildings 2.jpg

The closer you go to the central area, the variations in the buildings change there in style and density as well. And then more of the iconic buildings start to appear as you get closer in again to the middle. The business district is excellent, with a lot of business towers and the more modern futuristic skyscraper architecture that stands out in every view point in eye scans across the city.

Moscow Buildings 5.jpg

The more recent is in tune with the more older Stalinist era that makes up the Moscow skyline.

The Kremlin Complex and the Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed (St Basil's) is excellently represented and so is "Red Square"

Moscow Buildings 10.jpg

There are Orthodox churches everywhere and all the big icons in the Moscow Cathedral Mosque, Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium, Otkrytive Arena and department stores, museums and power stations and more....

I did have issues with many buildings floating, including the Kremlin. I tried both "Runways follow terrain contours" on and off with no flattening of the objects and there is no information in the manual either on how to fix the problem.

Night lighting is very good, yes there is again a repeatable pattern to the majority of the hundreds of the apartment blocks that does stand out, but the more individual buildings do all have that personal touch and some buildings look really very good.

Moscow Buildings Night 1.jpg

The highlight here is the business district which looks magnificent and is very realistic from any direction at night as is the lit Stadium.

Moscow Buildings Night 3.jpg

Although away from the central area the Ostankino Tower that stands 540.1 metres (1,772 ft) tall, and is the tallest freestanding structure in Europe and it looks great at night and is a very good position indicator from the air from any direction.

Included Moscow Airports

As noted also included in the scenery are seven airports and several helipads.

UUWW Vnukovo

Moscow UUWW Vnukovo 1.jpg

The futuristic Vnukovo International is very good for a lite version, with great terminals and lots of small detailing. Only thing missing is the static aircraft and a bit more ramp equipment, but otherwise it is highly usable.

UUDD Domodedovo

Moscow UUDD Domodedovo 1.jpg

The oldest of Moscow's International airports is Domodedovo. Again it is quite devoid of static aircraft and I am not crazy about the blue terminal glass work, but it is still a very workable scenery to use and has a lot of well made objects.

UUBW Zhukovsky

Moscow UUBW Zhukovsky 1.jpg

Zhukovsky was a major aircraft testing facility since the  cold war years, with most of the major Russian Experimental Design Bureau's having facilities here. It is also now used by the Ministry of Emergency Situations! and cargo carriers. It was also used as a test site for the Soviet Buran  reusable Spacecraft because it has the world's second longest pubic runway at at 5,402 m (17,723 ft). Mostly it is a collection of very large hangars but has a lot of static aircraft in storage.

UUMO Ostafyevo International Business Airport

Moscow UUMo Ostafyevo 1.jpg

A former military airbase. Ostafyevo features a new modern glass terminal, and caters primarily to business aviation.

UUMU Chkalovsky

Moscow UUMU Chkalovsky 1.jpg

Chkalovsky is a military logistics airport that is famous for it's support for the Russian Space program and transport to Star City and the Yuri A. Gagarin State Scientific Research-and-Testing Cosmonaut Training Center. Yuri Gagarin left here on his final flight before crashing by the town of Kirzhach.

UUBM Myachkovo Airport

Moscow UUBM Myachkovo 1.jpg

Myachkovo is a small General Aviation Airport that is owned by the Finpromko company. Cargo aircraft up to the size of the Ilyushin ll-76 freighter can also use the airport.

UUMB Kubinka

Moscow UUMB Kubinka 1.jpg

Kubinka has been a significant Russian military airbase and large airshows are held here to show off the Russian military might.

There is also provided UUU1 Kremlin Airport, within the Kremlin walls, but I couldn't get it to work? There are two pads in H1 and H2.

Your first thoughts after reviewing this excellent Moscow scenery is not with this actual package. You then wish that you could have this extensive scenery at London, Rome, Madrid, Berlin and the list could go on with any of your favorite European Cities, and don't count a load in the Middle East and Asia. But a London scenery like this would certainly be a godsend in our X-Plane world. Drzewiecki Design has already done Warsaw and Manhattan, so there is always hope.

It is not cheap either and you need to add in their UUEE Sheremetyevo scenery package on top of that as well. But you get an awful lot of ground covered here for your money, with the area covered here that is extensive...  huge and flying into Moscow will never be the same again.

A few areas to note in one that in my case a few of the buildings floated, the download is huge load at 1.4gb and this Russian area is not the best for navigation aids and programming FMS units as most waypoints are not recognised. Most of the airports ILS coordinates also have to checked and recalibrated (Drzewiecki Design do provide all the correct coordinates) so there is a little work to do to set up repeat services but the work is worth the results.

Not only is the actual Moscow city and all it's buildings supported, you also get seven (if lite versions) of Moscow's other airports included as well, but the framerate processing of all this huge amount of objects and scale is pretty good to excellent. Framerate does hurt more on a lower (helicopter) level and certainly you need a computer with a little extra power is in no doubt required, but overall for the size of the area the scenery is extremely efficient.

Yes I was impressed by this Moscow City Scenery, as this once very barren area of X-Plane is now a very attractive repeat destination as nothing can give you a greater fulfilment than seeing your destination appear in the distance and then give you a huge visual experience as you fly over and approach your destination.

Moscow City certainly delivers that and more...  Just more sceneries like this please!

X-Plane Store logo sm.jpg

Moscow City XP by Drzewiecki Design is NOW available! from the X-Plane.Org Store here :

  • Extremely detailed model of Moscow metropolitan area in Russia
  • Almost 2000 custom-made buildings and other objects, all high quality, FPS-friendly and with night textures
  • Whole Moscow center done in 3D as well as all other important landmarks - museums, palaces, skyscrapers, towers, bridges, railway stations, Zara stores...
  • Trains, ships, 3D people, cars, airport vehicles, static aircraft - anything you can imagine
  • About 4000 sq.km of photoreal 0,5-1m/pix terrain with autogen
  • Sceneries of all surrounding airports including UUWW Vnukovo, UUDD Domodedovo, UUBW Zhukovski, UUMO Ostafyevo, UUBM Myachkovo and UUMB Kubinka, with all airport buildings, detailed layouts, people, airport vehicles and more
  • Very detailed Kremlin model with newly constructed heliport

Requirements

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Installation and documents:

Download for the Moscow City XP is 1.47gb and the unzipped file is deposited in the "Custom Scenery" as four files:

DDZ Moscow City XP (3.99gb) - Yes GIGABYTES!

DDZ Moscow City XP Layer 2 (30.20mb)

DDZ Moscow City XP Documents (1.0 mb)

ZZZ_DDZ Moscow City XP Terrain (20.10mb)

Installation for Windows comes with an .exe installer that deposits the files in the correct order required (however I still moved the ZZZ- folder to the bottom via the INI text install list.

Installation Instructions are provided for Mac and Linux

You need to check all airports ILS coordinates are correct, instructions are provided.

Documents: Two documents include

Moscow City XP MacLinuxinstall

Moscow City XP Manual (seven pages)

Review System Specifications:

Computer System : Windows  - Intel Core i7 6700K CPU 4.00GHz / 64bit - 16 Gb single 1067 Mhz DDR4 2133 - GeForce GTX 980/SSE2 - Samsung Evo 512gb SSD 

Software :   - Windows 10 - X-Plane 10 Global ver 10.50

Addons : Saitek x52 Pro system Joystick and Throttle : Sound - Bose  Soundlink Mini

Plugins: JARDesign Ground Handling Deluxe US$14.95 : WorldTraffic US$29.95

Scenery or Aircraft

- Airbus A320neo by JARDesign ( X-Plane.OrgStore ) - US$59.95 : A320neo Sound Packs by Blue Sky Star Simulations ( X-Plane.OrgStore ) - US$19.95

- Bell 407 by Dreamfoil Creations ( X-Plane.OrgStore ) - US$34.95

Logo Header X-PlaneReviews 200px.jpg

Link to comment

Share on other sites.

  • 7 months later...

jsperl

Thank you for this very thorough (as always) review. I just bought it (it's on sale) and have only one disappointment so far: Red Square has no ILS or any landing aids at all for that matter. And what a nightmare of an approach! Also I was hoping the package would include an add-on that gives my c172 a big cup holder for my Stoli. Otherwise the scenery is gorgeous. What a country!

Join the conversation

You can post now and register later. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account. Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest

×   Pasted as rich text.    Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.    Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.    Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.

  • Insert image from URL
  • Submit Reply

Recently Browsing    0 members

  • No registered users viewing this page.
  • Existing user? Sign In
  • General Aviation
  • Helicopters
  • Classic Aircraft
  • Plugins/Apps and Simulator Addons
  • Behind The Screen
  • Forums Index
  • Create New...

IMAGES

  1. Planing hull catamaran for high speed operation in a seaway Patent

    planing catamaran hull design

  2. Understanding hull design

    planing catamaran hull design

  3. Planing hull catamaran for high speed operation in a seaway Patent

    planing catamaran hull design

  4. Catamaran Design Formulas

    planing catamaran hull design

  5. Optimising Hull Lines for Performance

    planing catamaran hull design

  6. Catamaran ferry plans

    planing catamaran hull design

VIDEO

  1. boat builders dream custom catamaran biuld 47ft luxury #boatbuilding #catamaran #powercat #boating

  2. Building a Catamaran ep.5 #25

  3. Passenger Catamaran (20m)

  4. Trimarans are an interesting hull design for sure #boat #powerboat #fishing

  5. Profab 1200

  6. Bali CatSmart Aft Deck #walkthrough

COMMENTS

  1. Catamaran Hull Design

    The most important catamaran design hull shape factor, is the Prismatic Coefficient (Cp). This is a measure of the fullness of the ends of the hull. ... There is also a lot of data for the round bilge narrow non planing motorboats popular in the 1930'-50's which again are similar to a single multihull hull.

  2. Catamaran Design Formulas

    T c = 0.57. Here we put B TR = 1.9 to minimize boat resistance (for her size) and get the draft calculation for a canoe body T c (Figure 1). Midship coefficient - C m. C m = A m / T c (x) B WL. We need to estimate a few coefficients of the canoe body. where A m is the maximum cross section area of the hull (Figure 3).

  3. How To Create the Perfect Cruising Catamaran Layout

    The Prismatic Coefficient (Cp), a measure of how full the ends of the hull get, is the most essential design hull shape factor for any catamaran. A high Cp equals high speeds, although you can still use a lower Cp if you have fine hulls. Nevertheless, the key to a good Catamaran design is a higher Cp for fast sailing.

  4. Hull Hydrodynamics and Design

    Hull Hydrodynamics and Design. 2.1 Resistance Components on a Hull. Since the main objective of this project involves investigating the resistance of a hull and how it is affected by the introduction of hydrofoils, it is important to understand the components of this hydrodynamic resistance. Additional components will be added with the addition ...

  5. Planing Boat Hull Designs: Pros & Cons of Basic Types

    Planing boats are designed to rise up and glide on the water when enough power is applied. Whether you're in the market to buy a planing boat or you want to ...

  6. Optimising Hull Lines for Performance

    A third number that we can plug in as a constant if we want to is the prismatic coefficient which describes bow much volume there is end the ends relative to the cross section shape in the middle of the boat, but in sailing boats this is of less importance compared to other factors. The hull lines for Design 256, 8.5m Cat.

  7. The Basics of Hull Design Explained

    A truly flat-bottomed boat has zero degrees of deadrise. Most powerboat hulls have some deadrise, giving the hull bottom its "V" shape when viewed from the bow or stern. The deep-V hull was developed in the late 1950s and proved to be optimal for high-speed offshore vessels, with transom deadrise of 18 to 24 degrees.

  8. Catamaran Design Guide

    No, the hull floor of a catamaran is not always on the waterline. The design of a catamaran allows for the hulls to be elevated above the waterline, reducing drag and increasing speed. The position of the hulls in relation to the waterline can vary depending on factors such as the weight distribution, load, and sailing conditions.

  9. Catamaran hull design

    12 Oct. Written By Nick Stark. Hull design / analysis for a large catamaran using multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD). An interesting (and important) aspect of cat design is the wave system between the hulls (highlighted in the image below). Significant wave peaks and troughs develop through the interaction of each demihull's wake ...

  10. Catamaran construction principles: design, know-how

    The stiffness of an Outremer catamaran is incomparable. The main bulkheads are of large dimensions, and so are able to take much greater loads than a cruising multihull might encounter. Inserts in carbon fiber, closed-cell foam, isophthalic resins and high-resistance polyester: everything is designed to guarantee your safety for offshore sailing.

  11. Catamaran Plans: Design, Build and Sail your own Multi-Hull Boat

    Catamarans also offer more flexibility in terms of design. The two hulls of a catamaran can be configured in many different ways, which allows for a wide range of customization options. For example, one hull can be used for sleeping quarters, while the other can be used for storage or as a cockpit. This makes catamarans ideal for long-term ...

  12. Planing hulls for sailing cat

    Catamarans rarely plane, particularly the cruising variety. However boat speed is not really subject to Froude's law linking waterline length and highest practicable displacement sailing speed, for very slim hulls. Therefore why the requirement for planing hulls? Your requirement for 1.2 m wide hulls seems very wide if this is at the waterline.

  13. PDF DISPLACEMENT POWER CATAMARANS

    Planing Catamaran The planing cat's ride is still rough compared to dis-placement cats, but better than on a planing single hull boat. The top speed of these craft again are only dependant on the amount of power applied. Oddly, power needed, and efficiency are not much better than single hull planing craft, at planing speeds. Below

  14. How To Build A Catamaran? (A Step-By-Step Guide)

    The first step is to decide on the design and the materials you will use. You will need plans for the project, along with lumber and other materials such as fiberglass and epoxy. The next step is to build the catamaran frame, which involves cutting and fitting the wood pieces together to form the hulls and decks.

  15. Understanding Hull Design

    However, hull design isn't just about speed and interior volume. There's also stability and tenderness, which is a boat's tendency to rock. The boats described above have planing hulls, which means they have hard chines. This creates port and starboard flats that create lift and help plane the boat and keep it on an even keel.

  16. Six Amazing Boat Hull Designs

    Asymmetrical Twin Hulls Aspen Power Catamarans. Asymmetrical Twin Hulls This unique design concept comes from the drawing board of Larry Graf, the pioneer who put power catamarans on the map here in the U.S. when he founded Glacier Bay Boats in 1987. His new company, Aspen Powerboats, employs a cat design where one hull is narrower (35 percent ...

  17. Planing Hull

    Catamaran designs come at low, medium and high speeds. Thus catamaran hull forms range from pure displacement up to real planing hulls. Displacement catamarans usually operate near the hydrodynamically unfavorable hump speed (F n ≈ 0.5). The design is then usually driven by the demand for a large and stable working platform, high transverse ...

  18. Boat Hull Shapes: What Hull Shape is Best?

    Deep-V Hulls: a wedge-shaped hull from bow to stern. Modified-V Hulls : the most common hull for small boats. Catamarans : two hulls bridged by a deck. Chines and Strakes : molded strips run lengthwise along the hull bottom and are virtually universal on modern planing boats. Above: How your boat's hull is shaped will have a huge impact on how ...

  19. (Pdf) Effect of Hull Design Variations on The Resistance Profile and

    In catamaran planing, we found that the hull resistance decreased by 7.8% at the 30° deadrise angle compared to the most significant resistance at other angles. Geometric scheme of the deadrise ...

  20. 8 Projects that Exemplify Moscow's Urban Movement

    Moscow Riverfront / Project Meganom. Image Courtesy of Project Meganom. Russian firm Project Meganom has also designed an ambitious project for Moscow's riverfront. Their masterplan also aims ...

  21. Scenery Review : Moscow City XP by Drzewiecki Design

    Now Drzewiecki Design has released "Moscow City" a scenery package to compliment their UUEE Sheremetyevo, and boy how much a difference this release has done to this totally boring area. To get the full first impression effect I flew JARDesign's A320neo from EFHK Vatnaa, Helsinki to UUEE Sheremetyevo which is flight Finnair AY153 which is a ...

  22. GORPROJECT

    Facts. 164 000 m² total area. 246 m tower height. 55 aboveground floors. 60 000 m² cold-formed glazing area. 1 floor in 6 days the speed of erection of the building frame. 1 350 underground parking capacity. 90° angle of reflection on the façade. 156° turn the building by around its axis.

  23. How to Transform Moscow Into a Just City

    Research, education and journalism are crucial outlets for such debate. Strelka, a Moscow-based postgraduate research school of architecture, design and media, could play an active, and most importantly, critical role in this process. When Strelka was founded in 2009 it was the first educational platform in Russia exploring questions of urban development and design.