bugatti yacht niniette 66

An Inside Look At The Bugatti Niniette 66 Yacht

Bugatti has confirmed that there will be two other new models launched in the near future. But for now, let us take a quick glance at this superyacht.

Bugatti is no stranger to working with other brands to create extremely luxurious and limited items. From a $280,000 watch with a small working W16 in its case to a fully Hermes leather wrapped one-off Chiron , if it’s not opulent, it’s not Bugatti.

The French automaker has now partnered up with legendary yacht builder Palmer Johnson, to create a Chiron inspired superyacht. Much like the hypercar on which it's based, there is no shortage of exotic materials across the hull of the elegant ship. Dubbed the Bugatti Niniette 66, it will carry a starting price of around $4 million dollars. It's also just one of three new ships Bugatti has committed to building in the near future.

RELATED: 15 Rare And Beautiful Evolutions Of The Bugatti Veyron

A Bugatti For The Seas

A quick glance at the Bugatti Niniette 66's side profile reveals some heavy design inspiration taken directly from the brands flagship model, the Chiron. The C shaped line is a staple design cue of the brand and is known affectionately as the Bugatti line. This impressive design detail stretches across the hull of the yacht and serves to break up the design and provide some color contrast. In the rendered image above, the dark blue parts of the ship are all finished in exposed gloss blue carbon fiber.

The Niniette name is particularly special to the French automaker seeing as it was the preferred nickname of Lidia Bugatti, the daughter of company founder Ettore Bugatti.

RELATED:  An Inside Look At Travis Scott’s Insane $3 Million Bugatti Chiron

How Does It Stack Up?

Like the name suggests, only 66 examples of the Niniette will ever be built, ranging from 50 to 80 feet depending on the specification. Although it is a limited production run, the website for the ship does not specify a delivery date or if any have been yet been sold.

Under the hood you’ll find two Man V8’s propelling the yacht forward via a water-jet system. The Niniette 66 will be able to carry up to 3,000 liters of fuel. At full tilt, the opulent ship will be able to hit a top speed of  50 miles per hour (44 knots).

A long list of available extras are available and the yacht itself is completely customizable, in theory you would match your ship to your exact Chiron specification. The customized interior will be able to accommodate a maximum of 21 people at a time. A word of warning however, the top speed is calculated without the inclusion of the available extras onboard, adding them will greatly affect the overall performance.

Carbon Overload

Speaking of options, almost all of the optional extras available for the Niniette are made of carbon fiber. Consider the massive carbon fiber jacuzzi placed strategically in the very center of the vessel, or the optional carbon fiber fireplace situated directly behind the captain’s seat.

The carbon doesn’t stop there, entire hull and deck of the ship are covered in a carbon composite. Although it can be argued that the use of lightweight materials on such a massively heavy ship seems like a waste, in true Bugatti fashion, it is more an exercise of beauty rather than practicality.

Exclusive Opulence

A lesser known fact about Bugatti is that back in 1930, they were commissioned by Prince Carlo Maurizio Ruspoli to create a one-off speedboat. Much like this modern interpretation, the original Bugatti speedboat was named the Niniette.

It seems as though this collaboration used one of Ettore Bugatti’s most famous quotes as its ethos “nothing is too beautiful, nothing is too expensive”. It's over $4 million price tag certainly confirms it. As Bugatti has confirmed that there will be two others, we can assume they will be launched as Bugatti launches new models in the near future.

NEXT: The Real Story Behind This Bugatti Type 57S Atalante That Was Found In A Barn

BUGATTI NINIETTE 66: THE YACHT INSPIRED BY CHIRON SUPERCAR

With a length of 20 metres, a jacuzzi positioned in the cockpit , a 40-knot maximum speed and a price of almost 2.6 million dollars, the new Bugatti Niniette 66 is a yacht inspired by an automobile luxury symbol, the Bugatti Chiron.

The project had been already discussed in 2015 when the management of the car manufacturer and that of Palmer Johnson , a luxury yacht builder, started to consider an idea that was not particularly original but certainly efficient: to put the strengths of the two brands together and craft a yacht based on the design of a supercar. During almost two years, the projects took shape and, now, it has been officially announced: the project of the first Palmer Johnson Bugatti Niniette 66 (this is the full name of the yacht) is finally ready and paves the way for a series of yachts ranging from 50 up to 80 feet .

The yacht is totally made of carbon fiber in order to reduce displacement and increase robustness and rigidity . The reversed sharp bow widens to the hull sides and defines a very large maximum beam combined with two side sponsons which contribute to reduce rolling and increase stability in navigation.

The deck perfectly reflects the typical Bugatti style in terms of materials , which are all hand-crafted, from leather to tissues, and colours . But the most remarkable features are the presence of a jacuzzi in the cockpit , located just behind the pilot station and convertible into a sun pad, and a fire pit . The latter might seem to be a too risky choice but the two manufacturers guarantee the total safety of the device.

Of course, the pilot station , too, is completely based on the design of Bugatti supercars, with a steering wheel which was literally uprooted from the Chiron and installed on the Niniette 66. The yacht is fitted with two MAN engines outputting 1,000 and 1,200 HP.

Interiors show a very original design . First of all, they include  only one large central cabin .This is the standard layout but, of course, customers can benefit from many customization possibilities. However, an increase in the number of cabins might distort the design of this boat, where luxury is expressed also in terms of space. On the bow, in fact, there’s a large lounge whose sofas follow the hull profile. Matching materials including brushed steel, leather and marble create an extraordinary elegance effect.

As we’ve already said, it’s the first model born out of the collaboration between the two companies even if, in 1930, company founder Ettore Bugatti was commissioned by Prince Carlo Maurizio Ruspoldi to build a boat. It was christened Niniette, after the name of a dog owned and much loved by the Bugatti family.

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Bugatti Niniette 66 Is Probably the Yacht of Your Dreams

And it’s as over-the-top as you’d expect.

A joint partnership between Monaco-based yacht builder Palmer Johnson and Bugatti has resulted in a new collection of yachts that will range between 50 and 88 feet in length, and despite Bugatti and Palmer Johnson making completely different modes of transport, the two share obvious design elements.

First, you'll notice the notorious Bugatti horseshoe shape that dominates both the interior and exterior of the Niniette 66 . The most obvious implementation of that shape, which graces the side of the Niniette 66, is directly lifted from the Bugatti Veyron and Chiron. For the cars, at least, that horse shoe shape does more than just look pretty, too—it also lets in crucial air flow to cool and feed the massive 8.0-liter W-16 engine. The Niniette 66's below-deck interior design features one big horse shoe shape that joins the hull together. Remarking on the Niniette's looks, design boss at Bugatti, Etienne Salomé, said, "Even from a large distance when entering a port, the Niniette will always be recognized as a true Bugatti."

Unsurprisingly, the interior and deck are replete with carbon fiber and leather, but a naturally blue-colored wood, morta oak wood, can be found on the deck. Also on the deck is a fireplace, jacuzzi, sun pad, and champagne bar, because, well, Bugatti yacht. Two MAN V8 engines propel the Niniette 66 to a top speed of 44 knots, and sponsons guarantee a smooth, stable ride. 

There's no word on price, but recall that adage about having to ask the price of something—it's probably extremely expensive.

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Palmer Johnson Bugatti Niniette 66

While still a concept, the new bugatti niniette 66 could well write a new chapter in day-boat design. a joint project between bugatti and superyacht builder palmer johnson, niniette’s cockpit is unlike any other 66-foot yacht. the designers incorporated a 21-foot beam to maximize the exterior space, but employed a nonlinear shape that promotes “energy […], michael verdon, michael verdon's most recent stories.

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Photo: Courtesy Palmer Johnson

While still a concept, the new Bugatti Niniette 66 could well write a new chapter in day-boat design. A joint project between Bugatti and superyacht builder Palmer Johnson , Niniette’s cockpit is unlike any other 66-foot yacht. The designers incorporated a 21-foot beam to maximize the exterior space, but employed a nonlinear shape that promotes “energy flow.” Think feng shui. Niniette’s open stern, facing lounges, hot tub, and, yes, open fire pit make it feel more like an Asian spa on the water than a boat. “Our designers played with organic shapes to add more flow around the deck,” says Timur Mohamed, Palmer Johnson CEO. “It creates a fresh, new way of living on board.” Niniette’s cabin also has an unconventional circular configuration, matching the above deck. The yacht’s equally innovative hull shape, with side sponsons, was designed for stability in rough water, delivering an estimated top end of 44 knots.

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Niniette 66: Bugatti’s Bond-worthy superyacht

Ice-cool vessel is perfect for the super-villain who has everything

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Bugatti, the French-based supercar-maker and subsidiary of Volkswagen, has teamed up with yacht-maker Palmer Johnson to produce the Niniette 66: a carbon-fibre sports-yacht inspired by the design and excess of its £2.1m, 261-mph Chiron hypercar. It is named after company founder Ettore Bugatti’s youngest daughter Lidia, who went by the pet name of Niniette.

The 66-foot yacht is perfect for the super-villain who has everything, says Sean Evans in Men’s Health. It has a 2.7-foot draft, perfect for visiting the shallow waters of the Cayman Islands to launder your dirty money, and boasts more than enough bling to make all your super-villain friends green with envy.

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Quite so, says Andrew J Hawkins on TheVerge.com. What sets the Niniette apart from other, lesser superyachts, is its “absurd number of ultra-luxury accessories”, including a hot tub, a fire pit and a champagne bar. The Niniette’s “extensive use of carbon fibre” not only looks good but reduces weight and increases efficiency too, says Elite Traveler. The spacious open deck, which can accommodate 12 guests, is crafted from leather and blue morta oak (an extremely hard-wearing bog-wood), and in the cabin below there’s a seating area “that wouldn’t seem out of place in an alien spaceship”, says Joel Stocksdale on Autoblog.com. The space-age theme continues into the bedroom, which comes complete with double bed. And if anything it not exactly to your taste, then don’t worry – as with Bugatti’s cars, everything is customisable.

The Niniette is driven by a 16.2 litre, 1,000-horsepower Man V8 engine, which powers the boat to a top speed of 44 knots (just over 50 mph). A 1,200-horsepower version that will hit 48 knots is also available.

The price is only available on request, but is rumoured to be around the $4m mark. The only real question, says Evans, is whether you should really buy one of the 66 that will be built. Because, with a rumoured 80-footer on the drawing board, “who wants to have the smaller Bugatti superyacht? How gauche”.

Length: 66’ (20m). Draft: 2.7’ (0.83m). Engine: 16.2 litre V8. Power: 1,000HP. Top speed: 44 knots (50mph). Price on application.

This article was originally published in MoneyWeek

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Introducing the Bugatti Niniette 66 Luxury Yacht

By Lauren Jade Hill

After coming up with their collaborative design for the new yacht, the two companies presented their idea to a number of potential buyers who expressed an interest in it exhibiting a closer resemblance to the Bugatti Chiron; this was the beginning of the Bugatti Niniette 66 and its distinct design.

The yacht’s spacious open deck then reflects Bugatti’s focus on craftsmenship through the use of carbon fibre along with fine leather and blue morta oak wood, while the lower part of the deck encompasses a Jacuzzi, sun pad and champagne bar, which sits between two social areas accommodating up to 12 guests, and alongside a centrally located fire pit.

Below deck, the spacious interior brings together polished metal, carbon, leather and marble, with a large Bugatti horseshow seating area at its heart, a macaron-shaped window for natural light to come streaming in through, and a luxurious master suite. And just like with Bugatti’s other models, the interior and exterior are both customizable.

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With just as much attention paid to performance, the yacht’s slim main hull translates to high speeds with lower input power and fuel burn, and the side sponsons ensure increased stability at rest; the yacht reaches top speeds of 44 knots, with a shallow draft of 0.83 meters.

From $4 million. palmerjohson.com

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Can Bugatti conquer the sea as well as the land with its Niniette 66 yacht?

Chiron of the sea

Bugatti Niniette 66 Yacht Shows Off The Best Of Both Worlds

By Victor Baker

Published on March 15, 2017

The stunning Bugatti Niniette 66 is the result of a new incredible collaboration between the automotive magicians from Bugatti and the brilliant team at Palmer Johnson Yachts. The 66-feet vessel was specially designed to match the Bugatti Chiron , both on the inside and outside, with Palmer Johnson taking care of the unique naval architecture and engineering for this beauty.

Showing off a slender monohull, stabilized by a sponson on each side, this striking yacht will prove to be a great ride, as it’s super easy to control at any speeds. That might come in handy, since this limited-edition vessel is fully capable of achieving a top speed 44 knots, which is more than enough for thrills seekers and even for Bugatti owners.

The Bugatti Niniette 66 also comprises a very impressive master suite, with soft leathers, polished metal, suede, and carbon adding to the luxurious appeal of this vessel. There’s also a charming salon with macaron skylight, a marble-clad guest bathroom, and a small galley kitchen – you won’t find these features in a Chiron, by the way.

But there’s even more exclusivity to be enjoyed on board, as this yacht also comes with a fire pit, Jacuzzi, sun pads, and a Champagne bar, to help you forget about all your worries, and also to remind you that you’re one of just 66 people who wad the privilege of purchasing this beauty.

Powered by fuel-efficient MAN V-8 engines, and with MJP waterjets worthy of some attention, the Bugatti Niniette 66 will easily prove itself to be a worthy investment. Guests will compete to pilot this joy-stick-controlled speedboat, but we think it’s safe to suggest to take it slow. By the way, there’s no info on pricing just yet.

About Victor Baker

Victor is our go-to associate editor for anything with four wheels – and more! With over a decade of experience in automotive journalism, his expertise spans from classic cars to the latest in electric vehicle technology. Beyond vehicles, he has broadened his editorial reach to cover a wide range of topics, from technology and travel to lifestyle and environmental issues. Learn more about Luxatic's Editorial Process .

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Bugatti and palmer johnson launch bugatti niniette 66 yacht.

Bugatti Automobiles and Palmer Johnson Yachts today launched the Limited Edition Bugatti Niniette 66 , a 66-foot sport yacht designed to match the Bugatti Chiron. Following the same classic horseshoe lines as Bugattis, Palmer Johnson and Bugatti worked in conjunction with A++ to create the yacht’s exterior styling and interior design that is reminiscent of the Bugatti Chiron. Palmer Johnson took care of the Niniette 66’s naval architecture and engineering. The Limited Edition Bugatti Niniette 66 is the first in a new line of yachts that will go from 50 to 80 feet, all inspired by the Bugatti Chiron. And true to the fast car design, this fast yacht will hit a top speed of 44 knots. The vessel’s slender monohull is stabilized by a sponson on each side, which dampens rolls at all speeds, making a great ride for its two guests and one crewmember.

The Bugatti Niniette 66’s 21-foot beam allows for a roomy master suite—featuring soft leather, polished metal, suede, and carbon—an automotive-inspired salon with macaron skylight, a marble-clad guest bathroom, and a galley kitchen with all the basics. The modern interior creates a cocooning effect via its Bugatti horseshoe shape.

On deck, guests will enjoy the fire pit, Jacuzzi, sunpads and Champagne bar, plus plenty of seating to choose from.

Powered by fuel-efficient MAN V-8 engines, and featuring MJP waterjets, the Bugatti Niniette 66’s stable and efficient hull will get you to the Bahamas fast, where you will be able to jet around without trouble, thanks to the yacht shallow 4-foot draft. Guests will compete to pilot this joy-stick-controlled speedboat from the Bugatti-designed helm chairs and command center.

While the Bugatti yachting connection may seem odd, the fast-car maker dabbled in the boat-building business in the 1930s, when it was commissioned to create a bespoke boat for Prince Carlo Maurizio Ruspoldi. Bugatti founder Ettore named this speedy craft Niniette, his youngest daughter Lidia’s nickname.

And Monaco-based Palmer Johnson was the most obvious choice for the automaker to pair with, given the yacht builder’s known success in building mold-breaking, sleek, powerful, and efficient sport yachts.

Those interested should get their orders in soon: Only 66 examples of the Limited Edition Bugatti Niniette 66 sport yacht will be made. ( bugattininiette.com )

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Bugatti Niniette 66 // Palmer Johnson

Palmer johnson and bugatti presenting a yacht with the dna of both luxury brands. they call it bugatti niniette 66..

The Bugatti Niniette 66 will be the first model of a series of yachts from 50 feet to 80 feet. The Bugatti Chiron-inspired yacht will reach a top speed of 44 knots.

The yacht has a large open deck and uses materials like modern carbon fiber, leather, and blue morta oak wood. Behind the helm station is a combination of a sun pad, Jacuzzi and champagne bar.

Timur Mohamed, CEO of Palmer Johnson, explains:

“The challenge was to create an experience and a persona as much as a yacht, from streamlined luxury, sophisticated style, and unprecedented quality. For owners of tomorrow, Niniette will lift your expectations of life even higher.”

The yacht has a slim main hull with two sponsons on both sides to improve stability and roll at high speeds.

“This construction also allows for a wider build compared to other yachts in this class, thus offering the experience of a much larger yacht,” adds Mohamed.

Interior Renderings of the Bugatti Niniette 66

The inspiration model - Bugatti Chiron

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Bugatti Niniette 66, the first yacht of the luxury car manufacturer

In December 2015, we announced that the famous luxury car brand Bugatti was working on a luxury yacht in collaboration with the yacht builder Palmer Johnson. We now know a little more about this sports yacht named Niniette.

Bugatti and Palmer Johson - manufacturers of sports cars and luxury yachts respectively - announce the launch of the Bugatti Niniette 66, inspired by the Bugatti Chiron. It will be the first model in a new range of yachts from 50 to 80 feet. The two companies have merged their expertise in design, technology, and performance to create this new sports yacht.

Bugatti was a manufacturer of some of the fastest sports cars in the world and was also a boat builder at the time. In 1930, Prince Carlo Maurizio Ruspoldi commissioned the founder of the brand - Ettore Bugatti - to create a unique concept for a fast boat. He named it Niniette, after the pet of his youngest daughter, Lidia.

When the two manufacturers met for the first time in early 2015, the goal was clear from the outset: to create an innovative yacht based on the strengths of both companies while echoing Bugatti's unconditional design DNA. After the presentation of the first renderings of the yacht at the end of 2015, a large number of potential buyers - among them several current Bugatti owners - showed great interest in the project. But they had requested that the yacht should look more like Bugatti's latest supercar, the Chiron, which will be unveiled worldwide in March 2016. This forced the designers and engineers to rework the concept of the much-anticipated Bugatti Niniette 66.

The Bugatti Niniette 66 has an inspired and bold design, evolved from the Bugatti Chiron. "The challenge was to create an experience and a character, more than a yacht, with refined luxury, sophisticated style and unprecedented quality." explains Timur Mohamed, CEO of Palmer Johnson.

This 20 m long yacht features Palmer Johnson's innovative hull design combining a very slim main hull with two left and right bilges which have a positive effect on stability and roll, even at high speed . The carbon fibre used in the construction of the boat also adds to the structural rigidity of the yacht and increases efficiency.

"The Niniette is a genuine member of the Bugatti family." explains Etienne Salomé, design director at Bugatti. With its accentuated central line and its duotone color on the outside, which splits the hull in two, the yacht encompasses key elements of Bugatti's heritage. True to the company's guiding principle "Form follows performance." . Also the design of the Bugatti Chiron - namely this "C" shape on the side of the hull. "Even at a great distance when entering a harbour, the Niniette will still be recognized as a real Bugatti," explains Salomé.

The Bugatti Niniette 66 has an open cockpit where the authentic materials of the luxury car brand are blended: carbon fiber, leather, or blue-stained oak wood for the dominant elements. The rear part of the deck houses a jacuzzi combined with a sun deck. There are also two large side benches, a large armchair facing the sea, installed behind the two seats in the cockpit, but above all, a fireplace, installed in the middle of the boat .

Below deck, there is a spacious interior where the finest materials are used such as polished metal, carbon, leather and marble are used for furniture and decoration. The main room takes its place in the saloon in the form of a huge horseshoe-shaped bench seat, soaked in light which filters through the macaroon-shaped window in the ceiling. Adjacent to the living room, the main suite is equipped with a comfortable double bed. As usual with Bugatti, a myriad of customization options in terms of colors, materials and finishes for the exterior and interior guarantee the uniqueness of each Niniette.

The Niniette will be able to reach 44 knots, and her reduced draft of 0.83 m will allow her to access shallow areas. Bugatti's specially designed cockpit seating as well as the futuristic dashboard with interactive infotainment system for navigation, monitoring, control and entertainment of the vessel further enhance the experience.

​This $2.2 Million Bugatti Yacht Is Perfect For Supervillains

In the Niniette, you can sit in the jacuzzi or beside the fire pit while plotting world domination

You're one of the world's preeminent supervillains. You're richer than God, you've got all the latest toys and plenty of lairs in which to plan your next dastardly deed. But do you have this new $2.2 million luxury superyacht, the Niniette 66, made by premiere automotive manufacturer Bugatti? No? Well, how are you going to impress all the other supervillains?

Second, it's got a shallow draft, only about 2.7 feet, meaning you'll be able to maneuver to all the regular ports of call with traditionally shallow waters, such as the Grand Cayman Islands, where you can visit your money laundering operation.

Like the Bugatti Chiron which which this luxury yacht shares design DNA, the Niniette will not hold more than two people comfortably. You could have your trusted No. 2 henchman on board, but you'll want to make full use of that on-deck jacuzzi, so it's probably best to bring a comely evil vixen to soak with. Apres hot tub, warm up by the on-board fire pit. Or you can use the flames to incinerate sensitive documents AKA evidence.

Lastly, you can boast to anyone who'll listen about how your Bugatti boat is made of only the finest materials, including carbon fiber, leather and blue morta oak wood, which Google reveals to be a type of bog-wood that's particularly resistant to decay. You can share that last fact with whatever foe you've tied up and shoved on the aft deck as you motor out to sea to dispose of him or her.

The only question is should you even BUY one of the 66 versions of the Bugatti Niniette, because Bugatti is also allegedly making a larger variant, expected to get up to 80 feet long. And really, who wants to have the smaller Bugatti superyacht? How gauche.

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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Strategic Cooperation In The Indo-Pacific: US And Indian Perspectives

The Hoover Institution’s Huntington Program on Strengthening US-India Relations has partnered with the Observer Research Foundation for this essay series to address issues central to the burgeoning partnership between the United States and India. With contributions by authors holding deep expertise in government, the military, and academia, the series focuses on shared interests in the Indo-Pacific region in areas including governance, trade, security, technology, and energy.

Strategic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific Essay Series 

The Hoover Institution’s Huntington Program on Strengthening US-India Relations has partnered with the Observer Research Foundation for this essay series to address issues central to the burgeoning partnership between the United States and India. With contributions by authors holding deep expertise in government, the military, and academia, the series focuses on shared interests in the Indo-Pacific region in areas including governance, trade, security, technology, and energy. This collaborative effort lays the foundation for timely, policy-relevant research to inform public debate and identify joint challenges and opportunities in helping the United States and India advance their strategic partnership and future cooperation.   

Huntington Program on Strengthening US-India Relations

The Huntington Program on Strengthening US-India Relations, made possible through the generous support of Claudia P. Huntington, John A. Gunn and Cynthia F. Gunn, Walmart Inc., and The Harold W. McGraw, III Foundation, Inc., focuses on the important relationship between the United States and India, which will advance freedom, security, and prosperity in the twenty-first century. The program’s goal is to generate, identify, and further policy-relevant scholarship and connections that will deepen connections between the world’s oldest and the world’s largest democracies. 

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Strategic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific: US and Indian Perspectives

1. US-India Security Cooperation in the Indo-Pacifc: Locating Key Issues

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3. Governance in the Indo-Pacifc: The Maritime Domain

4. Governance in the Indo-Pacifc Region: Opportunities for US-India Cooperation

5. The Challenge of Trade: Tackling the Achilles’ Heel in the US-India Partnership

6. US-India Economic Cooperation

7. US-India Energy Partnership: Finding Common Ground

8. US-India Energy Cooperation: Keeping Gas on the Agenda

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10. US-India Defense Technology Cooperation: Vital, Not Inevitable

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INDIA-US RELATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

India-us relations:, a comprehensive analysis.

Introduction

In the last few years, India-U.S. bilateral relations have developed into a "global strategic partnership", based on shared democratic values and increasing convergence of interests on bilateral, regional and global issues.

The two countries have created a lot of opportunities to reinvigorate bilateral ties and enhanced cooperation under the motto --- “Chalein Saath Saath: Forward Together We Go”.

Regular exchange of high-level political visits has provided sustained momentum to bilateral cooperation. Also, the ever-expanding dialogue architecture has established a long-term framework for India-U.S. engagement.

But what have been the various phases of the relationship between these two countries?  How far have we come in terms of our bilateral strategic cooperation?  What have been the sticking points?  What is the future of Indo-US relationship in this changing strategic landscape?

In order to get answers of all these questions we need to travel back in time.

During the British Raj

The relationships between India in the days of the British Raj and the United States were thin.

Swami Vivekananda promoted Yoga and Vedanta in the United States at the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, during the World's Fair in 1893.

Mark Twain visited India in 1896 and described his experience in his travelogue “Following the Equator”.   He expressed both revulsion and attraction but he concluded that India was the only foreign land he dreamed about or longed to see again.

Mahatma Gandhi had an important influence on the philosophy of non-violence promoted by American civil rights movement leader Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1950s.

In the 1930s and early-1940s, American Prime Minister Roosevelt voiced strong support to the Indian independence movement despite being allies with Britain.

World War II

Everything changed during World War II, when India became the main base for the American-China-Burma-India Theater (CBI) in the war against Japan. Tens of thousands of American servicemen arrived, bringing all sorts of advanced technology, and money. They left in 1945.

Serious tension erupted when America under US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, demanded that India should be given independence, a proposition which Winston Churchill (the then British PM) vehemently rejected.

For years, Roosevelt had encouraged British disengagement from India.

The American position was based on

• an opposition to Europeans having colonies
• a practical concern for the outcome of the war, and
• the expectation of a large American role in a post-independence era.

Independence

The United States under the Truman administration leaned towards favoring India in the late-1940s since U.S. saw India more valuable diplomatically than neighboring Pakistan.

Post Independence: The Cold War era

Post Independence Indo-US relations were overshadowed by Cold War politics. The Indo-Soviet friendship and the US-Pak alliance were the two major irritants.

During the Cold War, India’s policy of non-alignment was perceived negatively by the US officials.

Thus, although ‘aid relations’ prevailed during 1950s and 1960s, New Delhi and Washington saw each other on opposite sides of the fence during this period.

However, Presidents Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson were in favor of maintaining good relations with India.

The Kennedy administration openly supported India during the 1962 Sino-Indian war and considered the Chinese action as "blatant Chinese Communist aggression against India".

The United States Air Force flew in arms, ammunition and clothing supplies to the Indian troops along with aircraft carrier to protect India.

But following the assassination of Kennedy in 1963, Indo-US relations deteriorated gradually. The 1965 Indo-Pak War undid everything. Washington lost interest in the region. The Afghan war witnessed US political support tilting again towards Pakistan.

Later, in the mid-1980s the US strategy was to wean India away from the Soviet Union.

Dramatic turn occurred in the 1990s when the Cold War was terminated with the disintegration of the Soviet Union. US-Pakistan relations plunged, due to Pakistan’s secret nuclear programme. In the 1990s, Indian foreign policy also developed closer ties with the United States.

USA’s repercussions after India’s 1998 Nuclear Test

The United States strongly condemned Pokhran Nuclear Test.  It voted in favour of a United Nations Security Council Resolution condemning the tests. President Bill Clinton imposed economic sanctions on India, including cutting off all military and economic aid, freezing loans to the Indian government except food purchases, prohibiting American aerospace technology and uranium exports to India etc.

However, these sanctions proved ineffective. India was experiencing a strong economic rise, and its trade with the US only constituted a small portion of its GDP. Only Japan joined the US in imposing direct sanctions, while most other nations continued to trade with India. The sanctions were soon lifted. Afterward, the Clinton administration and Prime Minister Vajpayee exchanged representatives to help rebuild relations.

21 st Century

In the 21st century, India emerged as an increasingly vital country to US foreign policy interests. India, in today’s times is a dominant actor in its region. The home of more than one billion citizens and is now characterized as a nascent Great Power and an "indispensable partner" of the US. It is a potential counterweight to the growing clout of China.

In March 2000, when U.S. President Bill Clinton visited India, the Indo-US Science & Technology Forum was established.

Over the course of improved diplomatic relations with the US under Bush Administration, India agreed to allow close international monitoring of its nuclear weapons development, although it refused to give up its current nuclear arsenal.

After the September 11 attacks against the US in 2001, USA collaborated closely with India in controlling and policing the strategically critical Indian Ocean sea lanes from the Suez Canal to Singapore.

Since 2004, Washington and New Delhi have been pursuing a "strategic partnership" that is based on shared values and generally convergent geopolitical interests. Numerous economic, security, and global initiatives have been collaborated upon.

India-US Areas of Cooperation in the contemporary times

The U.S.-India partnership is founded on a shared commitment to freedom, democratic principles, equal treatment of all citizens, human rights, and the rule of law . The United States and India have shared interests in promoting global security, stability, and economic prosperity through trade, investment, and connectivity.

The United States supports India’s emergence as a leading global power and vital partner in efforts to ensure that the Indo-Pacific is a region of peace, stability, and growing prosperity. The strong people-to-people ties between our countries are a tremendous source of strength for the partnership. The two countries recently elevated their relationship to Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership.

Trade and Commerce

The US is India's second largest trading partner , and India is its 9th largest trading partner. Major items imported from India include information technology services, textiles, machinery, gems and diamonds, chemicals, iron and steel products, coffee, tea, and other edible food products.

Major American items imported by India include aircraft, fertilisers, computer hardware, scrap metal, and medical equipment. The United States is also India's largest investment partner, with a direct investment of $10 billion.

From 1999 to 2019, trade in goods and services between the two countries surged from $16 billion to $149 billion. U.S. energy exports are an important area of growth in the trade relationship.

India became the third Asian nation to be granted Strategic Trade Authorization-1 (STA-1) status by the United States. STA-1 enables the export of high-technology products in civil space and defence from the US to India.

International Cooperation

India and the United States cooperate closely at multilateral organizations, including the United Nations, G-20, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization .

The United States welcomes India joining the UN Security Council in 2021 for a two-year term. It also supports a reformed UN Security Council that includes India as a permanent member. India is an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) partner, and an observer to the Organization of American States.

India is also a member of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), at which the United States is a dialogue partner. In 2019, the United States joined India’s Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure to expand cooperation on sustainable infrastructure in the Indo-Pacific region.

Defence Cooperation

Defence relationship has emerged as a major pillar of India-U.S. strategic partnership with the signing of ‘New Framework for India-U.S. Defense Relations’ in 2005 . As a result there has been intensification in defence trade, joint exercises, personnel exchanges, collaboration and cooperation in maritime security and counter-piracy. The Defence Framework Agreement was updated and renewed for another 10 years in June 2015.

The two countries now conduct more bilateral exercises with each other than they do with any other country.

Since 2014, the United States and India have signed several agreements that underscored the growing alignment on shared strategic interests. These included two kinds of agreements. The first were broad statements articulating the shared values, principles, and interests of both countries. The second type of agreement is called "foundational" or "enabling" agreement . It is meant to advance interoperability between the US and Indian militaries.

Together, these agreements established the foundation for deeper collaboration on security and strategic issues.

Counter-Terrorism and Internal Security

Cooperation in counter-terrorism has seen considerable progress with intelligence sharing, information exchange, operational cooperation, counter-terrorism technology and equipment .

Both sides have called for strict action against all terrorist groups, including the Al-Qaeda, ISIS, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizbul Mujahideen, the Haqqani Network, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, D-Company, and all their affiliates.

Last year, both United Nations and the United States, designated Mumbai attack mastermind Hafiz Saeed as global terrorist.

India-US Civil Nuclear Deal

The U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement was signed in 2005, under which India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and to place all its civil nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. In exchange, the United States agreed to work toward full civil nuclear cooperation with India.

The two sides have started the preparatory work on site in India for six AP 1000 reactors to be built by Westinghouse. Once completed, the project in Kovvada would be among the largest of its kind.

Energy Sector

The United States and India have a long and successful strategic partnership in the energy sector. The energy cooperation between the two countries, which is technical, economic, and bilateral, is strengthening year after year.

In 2018, the Government of India elevated the India-US Energy Dialogue to a Strategic Energy Partnership (SEP). SEP has four primary pillars of cooperation -- oil and gas, power and energy efficiency, renewable energy, and sustainable growth.

• Oil and gas

India is now the fourth largest international market for the US crude oil and the fifth largest for the US liquefied natural gas. Indian firms have concluded several contracts for sourcing crude from the United States and are expanding their investments in the US energy sector, creating jobs and economic opportunities.

Investment by Indian companies like Reliance, Essar and GAIL in the U.S. natural gas market is ushering in a new era of India-U.S. energy partnership. The U.S. Department of Energy also gave its approval for export of LNG from its liquefaction terminals in the U.S., to India.

Recently, an MoU on “Strategic Petroleum Reserves operation ” has been signed according to which India would be able to store oil in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve in the future.

Also, there has been an increase in the bilateral hydrocarbon trade through SEP. (9.2 billion USD during 2019-20-- 93% increase since 2017-18)

• Power and energy efficiency

In November 2009, the United States and India launched the “ Partnership to Advance Clean Energy” (PACE), which is working to accelerate inclusive, low carbon growth by supporting research and deployment of clean energy technologies.

 Also, USA’s recent Prioritising Clean Energy and Climate Cooperation with India Act seeks to establish the US-India Clean Energy and Power Transmission Partnership (CEPTP) as the main forum for cooperation between the two nations on clean energy technologies.

 The activities under the CEPTP include

• promoting joint research and development on clean energy technologies,
• encouraging US private investment in the Indian clean energy market and
• supporting initiatives to develop new and renewable energy generation capacity in India.

The legislation also promotes US-India cooperation on climate resilience and risk reduction.

India and US have also been collaborating on the

• integration of new technologies into the smart grid;
• modernizing the power distribution sector i.e. rooftop solar, deployment of Smart Meters etc.

The two countries are leading joint research and development (R&D) through Advance Clean Energy-Research (PACE-R) on smart grids and energy storage to increase resilience and reliability of the electric grid.

Recently, India and the US have announced new areas of research on transformational power generation based on supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles and advanced coal technologies, including carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS).  

• Energy Efficiency and Conservation: Renewables

Efficient Buildings and Clean Technologies

The United States and India have been working to enhance building and appliance efficiency through enhanced building codes, design and operation of smart buildings of the future .  This falls under USA’s collaboration with India’s first-ever Solar Decathlon in 2021 . It is to establish a collegiate competition to prepare the next generation to design and build high efficiency buildings powered by renewables.

RAISE initiative

It is a national programme to improve indoor air quality. “RAISE” stands for Retrofit of Air-conditioning to improve Indoor Air Quality for Safety and Efficiency”. It is a joint initiative of Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) and the US. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) MAITREE Program. Poor air quality has been a concern in India for quite some time. RAISE initiative envisages alleviating the issue of bad air quality in workspaces across the nation and pioneer ways to make them healthier and greener.

• Sustainable Growth

The sides are working to enhance long-term energy development and plans and strategies through adoption of best practices and methodologies in

• energy data management;
• capacity building in energy modeling and
• promotion of low carbon technologies.

USAID and NITI Aayog jointly launched the India Energy Modeling Forum . The Energy Modeling Forum is a structured forum for discussing important issues in energy and the environment.

Strategic Convergence in the Indo-Pacific

A close partnership between India and the United States is central to a free, open, inclusive, peaceful and prosperous Indo-Pacific region. This cooperation is underpinned by

• recognition of ASEAN centrality;
• adherence to international law and good governance;
• support for safety and freedom of navigation, overflight and other lawful uses of the seas;
• unimpeded lawful commerce; and
• advocacy for peaceful resolution of maritime disputes in accordance with international law.

The United States appreciates India’s role as a net provider of security , as well as developmental and humanitarian assistance in the Indian Ocean Region.

The two countries keep strengthening their relationship through consultations like the India-U.S.-Japan trilateral summits; the 2+2 Ministerial meeting mechanism of the Foreign and Defence Ministers of India and the United States; and the India-U.S.-Australia-Japan Quadrilateral (QUAD) consultations , among others.

Also, India’s role in the Indo-Pacific is considered crucial by the United States as a countermeasure to the growing clout of China in the Indo-Pacific region.

Science & Technology (S&T)

The India-U.S. S&T cooperation has been steadily growing under the framework of U.S.-India Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement signed in October 2005 . There is an Indo-U.S. Science & Technology Joint Commission, co-chaired by the Science Advisor to U.S. President and Indian Minister of S&T.

In 2000, both the governments endowed the India-U.S. Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF ) to facilitate mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation in science, engineering, and health.

Over the past decade, the IUSSTF has facilitated thousands of interactions between Indian and U.S. scientists, bilateral workshops and established over 30 joint research centers.

The U.S.-India Science & Technology Endowment Fund, established in 2009, under the Science and Technology Endowment Board promote commercialization of jointly developed innovative technologies with the potential for positive societal impact.

Collaboration between the Ministry of Earth Sciences and U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration has been strengthened significantly.

India's contribution of $250 million towards Thirty-Meter Telescope Project in Hawaii and Indian Initiative in Gravitational Observations (IndiGO) with U.S. LIGO Laboratory are examples of joint collaboration to create world-class research facilities.

Cooperation in education sector has been made an integral part of the strategic partnership between the two countries. The Fulbright program seeks to provide more student and scholar exchange grants. Lakhs of Indian students are pursuing advanced degrees in the US. India is learning from the U.S. experience in community colleges in order to meet our demands for skill-development. It has been agreed to collaborate with U.S. institutions in the area of Technology Enabled Learning and Massive Open On-line Courses (MOOCs) to extend the reach of education in India.

Similarly, the Partnership 2020: Leveraging US-India Cooperation in Higher Education to Harness Economic Opportunities and Innovation project is a collaborative agreement between the two countries. The goal of the project is to strengthen the strategic partnership between the United States and India through collaboration in higher education, research on key issue areas, related economic growth, and people-to-people linkages.

Indo-US space cooperation has a long history. Within four years of establishment of a full-fledged American space programme, in 1962, India became one of the first partners of NASA. During 1975-1976, NASA and ISRO had conducted the Satellite Instrumental Television Experiment, known as SITE . Under this program, NASA's ATS-6 satellite beamed educational programmes via television sets to over two thousand remote Indian villages.

Other areas of collaboration include

• exchange of scientists;
• OCM2, INSAT3D collaboration;
• Cooperation on Mars mission;
• nano-satellites;
• carbon /ecosystem monitoring and modeling;
• radio occultation
• Earth Science Cooperation
• international space station;
• global navigation satellite systems;
• L&S band SAR;
• space exploration cooperation;
• space debris mediation.

In June 2016, ISRO successfully launched record 20 satellites onboard PSLV rocket, which included 13 satellites from the United States.

Today, ISRO and NASA are working towards launching in 2022 a joint mission with the world’s first dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite.   The NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Mission will measure Earth’s changing ecosystems, dynamic surfaces, and ice masses providing information about biomass, natural hazards, sea level rise, and groundwater, and will support a host of other applications.

Both agencies are working together in the field of Earth observation, Mars and planetary exploration, helio-physics, human spaceflight, and commercial space cooperation.

People to people relations

The strong people-to-people ties between our countries are a tremendous source of strength for the partnership. The 3-million strong Indian American community is an important ethnic group in the U.S., accounting for about 1% of the total population in the country. The Indian American community enjoys great reputation and significant influence on the American society and polity with its large number of professionals, business entrepreneurs and educationalists marking their positive presence on the national scene. Indian Diaspora has been a catalyst in cementing closer ties between India and the U.S.

Apart from this, in 2019, there were approximately 1.47 million overseas visitors from the India to the United States, making it the tenth highest visiting nation.

Sticking Points in Indo-US ties

Revocation of India’s Special trade status, also known as Generalised System of Preferences by the US is one of the issues. Generalised System of Preferences had allowed India the duty-free imports of goods up to USD 5.6 billion into the US from India. The special status was revoked on the grounds that India had not assured the US that it will provide equitable and reasonable access to its market.

Tariff imposition

In 2018, the US had imposed tariffs on steel and aluminium imported from India on the grounds of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. This was followed by a series of protective measures by the US against India.

• India responded to these moves by imposing tariffs of USD235 million on the US goods worth USD1.4 billion.

Sanctions through CAATSA

US’ sanctions on Russia through CAATSA – Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions A ct – are threatening India’s strategic interests. Similarly, US sanctions on Iran and Venezuela are putting India’s energy security at stake.

Example : India’s investments like Chabahar Port in Iran and India’s purchase of S-400 from Russia. India is also concerned over the US’ policy in Afghanistan as it is jeopardizing India’s security and interest in the region.

Trade deficit

India enjoys a trade surplus with US. The trade gap between the countries has increased to USD 17.42 billion in 2019-20 from USD 16.86 billion in 2018-19. It is one of the concerns of US officials.

Recently, the US placed India on its ‘Priority Watch List’ among other countries over the issue of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). India has been alleged for not taking sufficient measures to improve its IP framework which has negatively affected the US right holders in the past years.

According to the US, weak IP regime in India makes it tough for innovators to receive and maintain patents in India, especially pharmaceuticals. Insufficient enforcement actions, copyright policies that do not properly incentivize the creation, commercialization of content, and an outdated and insufficient trade secrets legal framework are some of the issues mentioned by plan report of Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR).

Visa suspension

Donald Trump’s “America first policy” followed by ban on temporary H1-B visas in efforts to cut down outside workforce has been a major impediment as it could affect hundreds of Indians.

Way Forward

Most of our differences are due to US’ aggression toward third countries. Barring a few challenges, a fundamental understanding and mutual trust has strengthened the value of relationship between the bureaucracies and policy communities in both countries.

Today, the US is among India’s most important security partners and the most comprehensive, with collaboration extending to intelligence, homeland security, defence technology, and maritime, space, and cyber cooperation.

US is also perhaps India’s most comprehensive economic partner, if research and development (R&D), education, technology, employment, energy, and health care are taken into consideration.

For the US, the India partnership has progressed at a time when almost every other major relationship — with both adversaries and allies — has experienced immense tumult.

The US, for its part, however should be cautious on two fronts: Military supplies to Pakistan and Kashmir issue. The US will run into problems if it gets involved in the Kashmir issue. Also, military supplies to Pakistan could lead to deterioration of relationship between India and US.

Apart from this, the future is full of optimism. There is a common focus on combating terrorism, especially cyber terrorism. There are no major strategic issues dividing the two countries ; above all, there is a strong desire to move ahead in improving bilateral relations.  Cooperation in the non-military nuclear energy sphere is another Greenfield area.

India-U.S. relations in the Biden-Kamala era

President Donald Trump has been a friend of India for four years. Yet, he had India on tenterhooks too with his non-traditional leadership. For example: Protectionism under his “ America First Policy ” .

Joe Biden’s president-ship could lead to restoration of traditional American leadership backed by promotion of democracy, stability, human rights, cultural and religious freedoms, plurality and inclusiveness. The administration’s mature handling without unnecessary bias towards ‘America First’ in this domain could set the course for an even more transformational relationship between India and USA based upon cooperation and collaboration.

Considering geopolitical challenges to their strategic interests in the region, both India and the US should focus on areas of strategic convergence.

From India, a bit of marketing, a bit of positioning, and a lot of strategic thinking is required. A way out could be to move forward on further strengthening the strategic aspect of relations where there is greater harmony.

The two countries should move beyond trade issues with a microscopic focus on agriculture, dairy and poultry. They should build upon mutual strengths in other economic domains for a reliable and substantial partnership. The need of the hour is to look at the big picture.

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India-US Relations: From Estranged Democracies to Strategic Parnership

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A Renewed Focus on Indonesia-U.S. Relations

Photo: OLIVIER DOULIERY/POOL/AFP/Getty Images

Commentary by Bich Tran

Published February 17, 2022

In July 2021, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin was the first member of President Joe Biden's cabinet to visit Southeast Asia. He went to Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines but did not stop by Indonesia. A month later, Vice President Kamala Harris, during her first trip to the region in this role, also visited Singapore and Vietnam without stopping in Indonesia. This left Jakarta in the cold and led some to question whether Indonesia had become less important in U.S. foreign policy. However, Secretary of State Antony Blinken’s visit to Indonesia in December 2021 reaffirmed the importance of the two countries’ strategic partnership.

As the world’s third-largest democracy, fourth-most-populous nation, largest Muslim-majority country, and home to a third of the world’s rainforests, Indonesia is an important partner of the United States. The two counties share a vision of a free and open Indo-Pacific region, including a commitment to freedom of navigation and overflight. Indonesia played a leading role in developing and now in implementing the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Outlook on the Indo-Pacific . Given the United States’ capacity and Indonesia’s potential, together, they can achieve much in addressing a wide range of issues from economic development to human rights and climate change.

In 2019, the United States was Indonesia’s second-largest market , valued at $17.874 billion, and the fifth-largest exporter at $9.319 billion. Trade figures from January to October 2021 reached $29.6 billion, a 33.9 percent increase from the same period last year. In 2020, U.S. investment in Indonesia reached $749.7 million, which increased by 73 percent to $1.3 billion within the first nine months of 2021. Regarding security cooperation, the United States is Indonesia’s largest defense partner in terms of the number of annual exercises and events. The two countries’ cooperation in counterterrorism and in countering violent extremism is also an important component of their security cooperation.

Under the Obama administration, Indonesia-U.S. relations were in a golden era. The relationship was facilitated by the Indonesian government’s vision of becoming a global maritime fulcrum and the United States’ rebalance to Asia. President Barack Obama, who lived in Jakarta for several years with his mother, stepfather, and half sister, was another factor in strengthening Indonesia-U.S. relations. It is said that there is no U.S. president in history who understood Indonesia and Indonesia's importance better than Obama.

In 2010, during his state visit to Indonesia, President Obama and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono signed the Indonesia-U.S. comprehensive partnership , “opening a new era of bilateral relations” between the two countries. The partnership was founded on the shared values of democracy, freedom, pluralism, tolerance, and respect for human rights. It would advance Indonesia-U.S. cooperation on education, environment, security, science and technology, trade and investment, democracy, human rights, health, energy, food, and entrepreneurship.

In 2015, during his visit to the United States, President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo and President Obama upgraded their countries’ partnership to a strategic partnership to expand cooperation on shared strategic interests. The two countries signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on maritime cooperation and an MoU concerning cooperation on energy. The Indonesian Ministry of Defense and the U.S. Department of Defense also issued a Joint Statement on Comprehensive Defense Cooperation. The two countries further established an annual Ministerial Strategic Dialogue, led by the U.S. secretary of state and the Indonesian foreign minister. The 2015 National Security Strategy of the United States highlighted U.S. partnerships with Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia-U.S. ties were stronger than ever.

The Trump presidency witnessed Washington’s dwindling diplomatic and political capital in the Indo-Pacific. Indonesia, like other countries in Southeast Asia, felt ignored by the United States, and Indonesia-U.S. relations entered a lull. Despite mentions of Indonesia in the 2017 National Security Strategy and the 2019 Indo-Pacific Report, President Donald Trump did not visit Indonesia during his term. He also missed out on all four East Asia Summits, where he could have met Indonesian leaders. From the Indonesian side, Jakarta was not comfortable with the Trump administration’s anti-China approach. For Indonesian leaders, getting too close to Trump was seen as a political liability , which explains why Indonesian president Jokowi never visited Trump at the White House. As a result, there were no major agreements between the two countries during this period.

The Biden administration is now undertaking steps to reverse course, repair the damage, and win back allies and partners. During Biden’s first year in office, the administration sent Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Daniel Kritenbrink, and Secretary of State Antony Blinken to visit Jakarta. As Indonesia presides over the G20 in 2022, Blinken's visit in December 2021 brought a renewed focus to Indonesia-U.S. relations.

The United States and Indonesia are taking steps to deepen and strengthen their cooperation in key areas that are in line with the 2015 strategic partnership and the Indo-Pacific economic framework. As with all countries in the world, cooperation on how to address the health dimension and the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic will be at the top of the agenda. Beyond this, Indonesia and the United States can further cooperate on the priorities of Indonesia’s G20 2022 presidency , including global health architecture, sustainable energy transition, and digital transformation. The two countries can also focus on implementing the three MoUs on maritime cooperation, the Peace Corps, and education signed during Secretary Blinken’s visit in December 2021. The two sides are collaborating in ways that are not only bilateral, but increasingly regional and notably global.

In addition to a renewed focus, Indonesia-U.S. cooperation is expected to be more effective because of the Biden administration’s less confrontational approach toward China. On February 4, 2021, President Biden said his administration was “ready to work with Beijing when it’s in America’s interest to do so,” while confronting China’s economic abuses, coercive action, and attacks on human rights, intellectual property, and global governance. In a speech delivered on March 3, 2021, Secretary of State Blinken said the U.S. relationship with China would be “competitive when it should be, collaborative when it can be, and adversarial when it must be.”  Officials of the Biden administration also increasingly use the phrase “free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific.” ASEAN uses the word “inclusive” in its Outlook on the Indo-Pacific as a code word for keeping the door open for China . This approach makes not only Indonesia but also other Southeast Asian countries more comfortable in working with the United States.

Bich T. Tran is an adjunct fellow (non-resident) with the Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.

Commentary is produced by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), a private, tax-exempt institution focusing on international public policy issues. Its research is nonpartisan and nonproprietary. CSIS does not take specific policy positions. Accordingly, all views, positions, and conclusions expressed in this publication should be understood to be solely those of the author(s).

© 2022 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. All rights reserved.

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Article contents

Indonesia-us relations, 1949–1999.

• Bradley Simpson Bradley Simpson Department of History, University of Connecticut
• https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.354
• Published online: 28 August 2019

The US relationship with the Republic of Indonesia has gone through three distinct phases. From 1945 until 1966 Indonesia’s politics and foreign policy were driven by the imperatives of decolonization and nation building, dominated by its founding President Sukarno and cleaved by bitter rivalry between secular political forces, regional movements, Islamic parties and organizations, the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), and the armed forces. In the aftermath of the September 30th Movement, an alleged coup by the PKI (the Indonesian Communist Party), under the leadership of General Suharto, launched a campaign of mass murder in which hundreds of thousands of alleged Communists were killed and Sukarno ousted. Suharto would rule Indonesia for the next thirty-two years (1966 to 1998). With the Cold War inside Indonesia effectively over and a staunchly anti-Communist and pro-US regime in power, US-Indonesian relations entered a long period of what one might call authoritarian development in which US officials focused on political stability, supported the military’s heavy involvement in politics, encouraged pro-Western investment and development policies, and sought to downplay growing criticism of Suharto’s abysmal record on human rights, democracy, corruption, and the environment. The end of the Cold War reduced the strategic imperative of backing authoritarian rule in Indonesia, and over the course of the 1990s domestic opposition to Suharto steadily built among moderate Islamic forces, human rights and women’s activists, environmental campaigners, and a burgeoning pro-democracy movement. The Asian financial crisis, which began in the summer of 1997, accelerated the forces undermining Suharto’s rule, forcing his resignation in May 1998 and inaugurating a third phase of formally democratic politics, which continues to the 21st century. Since 1998 US policy has focused on regional economic and security cooperation, counterterrorism, trade relations, and countering the growing regional power of China.

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India-United States (US) Relations: Everything You Need to Know

From Current Affairs Notes for UPSC » Editorials & In-depths » This topic

This topic of “India-United States (US) Relations: Everything You Need to Know” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

How did India-US relations evolve over time?

• India-US relations have not always been smooth.
• It has seen many ups and downs.
• Following independence, the newly formed government of India was faced with the huge challenge of war with Pakistan.
• The international community along with the US was not willing to support India.
• In 1955, Pakistan became a member of the South East Asian Treaty Organisation (SEATO) and Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) leading to it being officially an ally of the US.
• During this time, India along with few other developing nations was advocating for Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
• Pakistan enjoyed a close relationship with the US due to its strategic importance to the US’ policies with regards to the Soviet Union and Afghanistan.
• During the 1962 Sino-Indian war, the US provided assistance by directing an American carrier, the Enterprise, to the Bay of Bengal. China on the next day had declared a unilateral ceasefire.
• In 1966, India had criticized the US’ intervention in Vietnam. This led to the US curbing the grain shipments to India under Public Law 480 programme.
• The year 1971 saw the blatant suppressive policies of Pakistan on the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The US was not supportive of India’s assistance for the formation of Bangladesh and there were diplomatic tensions between the two countries.
• This led to India’s shift from the traditional policy of non-alignment to close ties with the then Soviet Union by signing of Treaty of Friendship, Peace and Cooperation.
• The US responded to this move by enhancing its ties with Pakistan while also suspending $87 million worth of economic assistance to India.
• India emerged victorious during the Bangladesh Liberation War despite the US’ antagonistic stance during that time.
• In 1974, India had conducted its first nuclear weapon test at Pokhran, Rajasthan.
• This was seen as a hostile move by the US as it was, during this time, planning on enhancing its presence at Diego Garcia.
• During the time of Pokhran II tests, India faced strong criticism from the international community.
• The US was not able to detect India’s preparations for nuclear tests. Under 1994 anti-proliferation law, it had put economic sanctions on India.
• In 1977, India’s national emergency was lifted and the US eased the restrictions it had placed on the loans from the World Bank and provided direct economic assistance worth $60 million.
• The 1980s saw the closer ties between the US and Pakistan to counter the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
• This created negative implications for India’s internal security as Pakistan funded terrorists were strengthened and were increasing their presence in Kashmir.
• In 1990, India had provided limited logistical support to the American forces during the Gulf War.
• Liberalization of the Indian economy saw increasingly close ties between the US and India.
• Trade between India and the US had flourished since then.
• The conclusion of the civil nuclear pact in 2008 was the turning point for the bilateral ties between the two countries. It is till date the significant element in India-US relationship.
• Since the end of the Cold war, the relationship has been in the upward trajectory despite the frequent frictions between the two countries
• However, under the Trump Administration, there is an increasing difference between India and the US with regards to trade.

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Why is the relationship with India vital for the US?

• India’s alliance is vital for the US due to its growing dominance in international politics.
• India is critical for the US while dealing with China’s growing dominance in the region.
• India is located in a strategically significant position. With the growing economic development of the Asian nations, the Indian Ocean has become vital for trade connection, with nearly 50% world container products and 70% oil trade depends on this route.
• According to the recent report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India is the second-largest arms importer after Saudi Arabia.
• Between 1950 and 2017, the US is the largest supplier of arms in the world.
• Thus, India holds a huge potential in the arms market.
• India’s strong stance on countering terrorism is on par with the US’ interests.
• India, like the US, is one of the largest democracies in the world. Thus, both the countries have common aspirations and ideas.
• Therefore, Indians can easily partner with US institutions and firms for cooperation in various sectors.
• India is currently the 9 th largest goods trading partner with $87.5 (two ways) in 2018.
• India, one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, holds a huge consumer market for the US.
• India is committed to rule-based world order – the one the US advocates for. Therefore, cooperation between the two countries is beneficial for both economic and political aspects.
• India is increasingly becoming vital for US’ strategic interest, especially in the Indo-Pacific .

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Why is the relationship with the US important for India?

• The US is vital for safeguarding India’s national interests with regards to Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• The US’ role in UNSC and international monetary institutions is of significance to India.
• India’s aspiration to become a permanent member of the UNSC can be achieved through closer ties with the US.
• The US is also one of the top sources of FDI in India.
• It also plays a significant role in countering China’s dominance in the Indian Ocean Region.
• The US has, for a long time, called for free and open navigation at the international waters.
• It is playing a crucial role in providing naval security at the high seas which is critical for India’s oil imports.
• The US has a technological edge in the areas of commerce, aerospace, defence and intelligence.
• Having access to this expertise is crucial for India.
• Thus, the diplomatic relationship with the US is not only important for India’s economic growth, but also for its national interest.

What are the areas of cooperation between the two countries?

• Strategic relationship:
• The strategic partnership between the two countries has thrived in recent years.
• Defence relationship between the US and India had enhanced following the signing of New Framework for India-US Defense Relations as it had led to the increase of defence trade, joint military exercises, cooperation in the maritime security aspects etc.
• India had participated in the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise between July and August 2016.
• Both countries had signed the following strategic agreements :
• Information Exchange Annexe (IEA) on Aircraft Carrier Technologies
• Fuel Exchange Agreement
• Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Association (LEMOA)
• India was recognized by the US as a “major defence partner” in 2016.
• As a consequence, India has been elevated to the Strategic Trade Authorization-1 list in 2018. This allows India to import high-end sensitive technologies like armed drones.
• The year 2018 saw the inauguration of India-US 2+2 ministerial dialogue and signing of Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA) to help share intelligence between the two countries.
• This year also saw the altering of nomenclature of the US-Pacific Command to the US-Indo-Pacific Command and agreement of first tri-service exercise.
• Economic relationship:
• In 2016, both countries have pledged to explore new and diverse opportunities to break the existing barriers to the movements of goods and services between the two countries.
• There exist several dialogue mechanisms to solve economic and trade issues like Ministerial Level Economic and Financial Partnership and Ministerial Trade Policy Forum.
• There are even forums for the involvement of private sectors of both countries like India-USA CEO’s Forum.
• In 2014, both the countries have set up a bilateral investment initiative to facilitate FDI, portfolio investment, capital market development and infrastructure development projects.
• The US is also involved in the Smart City projects in Allahabad, Vishakhapatnam and Ajmer.
• The India-US Energy Dialogue was held in May 2005 to boost trade and investment in the energy sector.
• The cooperation will be on mobilizing secure, clean, reliable and affordable sources of energy with special focus on oil and natural gas, coal, power and energy efficiency, new technology and renewable energy and civil nuclear energy.
• In 2015, both the governments had announced the launch of Promoting Energy Access through Clean Energy (PEACE) – a new tract under the Partnership to Advance Clean Energy (PACE).
• Under PACE, Joint Clean Energy Research and Development Centre (JCERDC) was also established.

India-US Ties during Trump administration

What are the challenges faced by the us-india relationship.

• Special trade status, also known as Generalised System of Preferences was revoked by the US to India on the grounds that India had not assured the US that it will provide equitable and reasonable access to its market.
• Generalised System of Preferences had allowed India the duty-free imports of goods up to USD 5.6 billion into the US from India.
• This dispute had been brewing for some time.
• In 2018, the US had imposed tariffs on steel and aluminium imported from India on the grounds of national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962.
• This was followed by a series of protective measures by the US against India.
• America’s trade deficit had declined from $27 billion in 2017 to $21 billion in 2018.
• Despite this, the Trump Administration is still complaining about India’s trade practices.
• The other issues that are challenging India-US relationship include India’ ties with Iran and India’s purchase of S-400 from Russia .
• It must be noted that some of the differences between India and the US are not direct consequences of India-US relationship but due to US’ hostility towards third countries like Iran and Russia – the traditional allies of India.
• The India-us relationship is complicated as there are few sensitive differences between the two countries.
• US’ sanctions on Russia through CAATSA – Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act – are threatening India’s strategic interests.
• US’ call for India to distance itself from Russia may have a far-reaching consequence to South Asia’s status quo.
• This is because, if India distances itself from Russia, it may lead to closer ties between Pakistan and Russia.
• Similarly, US sanctions on Iran and Venezuela are putting India’s energy security at stake.
• India is also concerned over the US’ policy in Afghanistan as it is jeopardizing India’s security and interest in the region.

What can be done to improve the ties between the two countries?

• As it was earlier mentioned, most of the differences are due to US’ aggression toward third countries.
• Autonomy in foreign policy has always been the major objective for India.
• India, in recent years, has considerably inclined closer to the US.
• Despite this, India has maintained balance and strategic autonomy.
• India has maintained close ties with the US while also maintaining a diplomatic relationship with China and Russia.
• From this, it is evident that India is aiming for “issue-based alignments”.
• Despite the differences existing between the two countries on the range of issues from trade and the Middle East to Russia and 5G, measures are being taken by both the sides to resolve the issues.
• The Trump Administration has recently decided to extend the lifeline to Huawei by allowing the US companies to sell the hardware.
• This has provided India with considerable space to craft its 5G policies.
• On the energy security front, the US has taken measures to fill the vacuum created by sanctions on Iran.
• Estimates show that India’s oil imports from Saudi Arabia has increased by 11% and the US imports have grown by 34%.
• US Senate had decided to pass a resolution to elevate India’s status of “non-NATO ally” proves the growing prominence of India-US relations for both the countries.
• On the trade front, it is necessary for both the countries to negotiate based on the philosophy of quid pro quo.
• It does not help if one side intimidates the other into submitting totally to its interest.

In spite of the political mistrust and differences in the past, the US-India relations have managed to overcome all odds including the issues related to non-proliferation and Pakistan. Regardless of the differences due to economic policies, both countries recognize the strategic importance of US-India ties. Both nations must keep in mind the big picture while dealing with minor issues related to trade so as to not jeopardize common national interests during the time of negotiations.

Updates – 5.05.2022

India-us ties during biden administration.

In the context of the US, India is the centrepiece of the Joe Biden administration’s Indo-Pacific strategy as Indian Foreign and Defence Ministers recently conducted the ‘2+2’ meeting with their American counterparts. Despite the fact that the two nations do not agree on how to deal with the Russia-Ukraine conflict , which is one of the most concerning crises in global geopolitics, it is in their mutual interest to overcome disagreements and maintain cooperation.

• The India-US bilateral collaboration now spans a wide range of topics, including the response to Covid-19 , economic recovery post-pandemic, the climate crisis and sustainable development , critical and emerging technologies, supply chain resilience, education, the diaspora, and defence and security.
• The breadth and depth of Indo-US connections are unrivalled, and the drivers of this cooperation are expanding at an unprecedented rate. The connection is unique in that it is driven at two levels: at the strategic elite and at the person-to-person level.
• Despite India and the US having quite contradictory reactions to the Russia-Ukraine crisis, in the recent meeting, the PM of India and the US President conveyed that the world’s two major democracies are ready to work around their contradictions to reach the mutually acceptable outcomes. India and the US have highlighted their dedication to continue to build on the momentum of recent years and not forget about the bigger strategic picture.

What was the Outcome of the Recent 2+2 Dialogue?

• The dialogue saw the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on space situational awareness since the two countries aim at deepening cooperation in outer space and cyberspace to develop capabilities in both “war-fighting domains”. They also agreed to undertake an inaugural Defence Artificial Intelligence Dialogue, while expanding joint cyber training and exercises.
• The defence partnership between India and the US continues to grow higher with the US secretary of defence emphasising that the two nations have “identified new opportunities to extend the operational reach of our militaries and to coordinate more closely together across the expanse of the Indo-Pacific.”
• The US also mentioned that China was constructing “dual-use infrastructure” along the border with India and that it would “continue to stand alongside” India to defend its sovereign interest.

What are the challenges faced by the India-US relationship recently?

• Russia is not a new challenge in this relationship. India has decided to increase instead of reducing the import of its meagre crude oil supplies from Russia, being delivered at a discount.
• The  CAATSA law has been part of the discussion for a long time on India’s purchase of the  S-400 Triumf missile defence system  from Russia.
• However, there is a clear recognition in the US that any move to sanction India would take the relationship back by decades.
• Although the US had warned about the “consequences to countries that actively trying to bypass or backfill the sanctions,” India and Russia are searching for ways of conducting bilateral trade by circumventing the dollar-based financial system.
• In recent times, China had looked at Indian moves in the region by means of the prism of their U.S. policy, but India’s stand on Ukraine has started a rethink in Beijing.
• The Chinese Foreign Minister’s recent visit to India was an experimental measure towards a larger strategic reset with the latter, guided by the need to pull India away from the Quad . During his visit, China offered to create a virtual G-2 in Asia by protecting India’s traditional role and collaborating on developmental projects as ‘China-India Plus’ in South Asia.
• While Indian and American policies are in conflict with the countries like Myanmar , Iran and Afghanistan, China is the one interest that aligns the two countries together. If this moment offers for a reset of India’s relationship with China, it will transform India’s relationship with the U.S. and raise questions about the efficacy of Quad.
• India-US Military Cooperation:  The US Secretary of State for Political Affairs during her recent visit to India, admitted that “India’s dependence on Russia for defence supplies is essential” and that this was a “legacy of security support from the Soviet Union and Russia at a time when the US was less generous with India.” But with the new realities of today shaping the course of this bilateral engagement, it is time for the US to support India in creating its defence manufacturing base by means of technology transfer as well as co-production and co-development.
• Exploring Opportunities: India is emerging as a leading player in an international system that is experiencing a remarkable transformation. It shall utilize its current situation to explore opportunities to promote its vital interests. India and the US are strategic partners today in the true sense of the term – a partnership among mature major powers that are not seeking a complete convergence but managing differences by guaranteeing a steady dialogue and directing these differences into framing new opportunities.
• Cooperation in Security: Russia’s increased alignment with China due to the Ukraine crisis only complicates India’s ability to rely on Russia as it balances China. Therefore, continuing cooperation in other security areas is in both countries’ interests. Space governance will become central to the US-India bilateral relationship, guided by mutual concern about the increasing space capabilities of the Chinese Army.

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India-United States Relations - UPSC International Relations Notes

On 9th September, India and United States launched revamped U.S.-India Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP).

India’s relations with other nations will always be an important part of India’s Foreign Policy. One such important international relation is India-United States relations (India – US Relations). The topic, ‘India-United States Relations’ is an important topic from the GS Paper II, International Relations perspective of the  IAS  Exam . This article will provide you with a brief overview of Indo-American Relations, India – US areas of cooperation and more.

India-United States Relations – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

Latest Developments in India-US Relations

• In accordance with U.S.-India Climate and Clean Energy Agenda 2030 Partnership that was announced in Leaders Summit on Climate in April 2021, India and the USA have launched SCEP.
• Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump to become the 46 th  US President. Biden’s running mate Kamala Devi Harris has become the first woman and first Indian- and African- American Vice President of the country. Biden and Harris swore into office on 20th January 2021.
• There are several ways in which the US economy, its health, and the policy choices of its government affect India.
• On October 27th 2020, India and the United States signed the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement – BECA. It was signed during the third round of 2+2 dialogue .
• In wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, President Donald Trump on April 7th, 2020, spoke of “retaliation” if India turned down his request to lift the hold on US orders of an antimalarial drug,  hydroxychloroquine which he has touted as a “game-changer” in the fight against the coronavirus despite its untested efficacy.
• In February 2020, US President Donald Trump visited India. In his maiden visit to India, both nations significantly ramp up bilateral relations mainly in strategic ties and defence.
• In September 2019, Modi visited Houston and he addressed a large Indian American contingent in the Houston NRG stadium. Along with President Trump, he reaffirmed Indian American ties, with an emphasis on increased military cooperation with the initiation of the Tiger Triumph exercises.
• On 8 November 2017, the US announced a grant of nearly US$500,000 for organizations that can come up with ideas and projects to promote religious freedom in India and Sri Lanka.
• On 3 August 2018, India became the third Asian nation to be granted Strategic Trade Authorization-1 (STA-1) status by the United States. STA-1 enables the export of high-technology products in civil space and defense from the US to India.

Overview of India-US Relationship

India-US relations have become increasingly multi-faceted, covering cooperation in areas such as trade, defense and security, education, science and technology, civil nuclear energy, space technology and applications, environment, and health.

Grassroot-level interactions between the people of the two nations provide further vitality and strength to this bilateral relationship. There have been regular contacts at political and official levels with a wide-ranging dialogue on bilateral, regional and global issues have taken place. 

Major areas of cooperation in India-US relations

A “Strategic Dialogue” was established in July 2009 during the visit of US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to India with the objective of strengthening bilateral cooperation across diverse sectors. The first round of the Strategic Dialogue was held in Washington DC in June 2010, followed by the second round in New Delhi in July 2011. The Minister of External Affairs led the Indian delegation for the Dialogue; US Secretary of State led the Dialogue from the US side. The third meeting of the Strategic Dialogue will be held in Washington in June 2012.

To know more about the various Indian Government Relations , visit the linked article

India-US Relations – Trade And Economic Relations

  Trade and economic partnership between the US and India have been a key component of the bilateral relationship. A new US Financial and Economic Partnership to strengthen bilateral engagement on macroeconomic, financial, and investment-related issues was launched in New Delhi in April 2010 by the Finance Minister Mr.Pranab Mukherjee and US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner. The Second Meeting of India- US Financial and Economic Partnership was held in Washington D.C in June 2011. The India-US Trade Policy Forum (TPF) was established in July 2005 to discuss issues related to trade. The last and seventh meeting of the TPF took place in Washington DC from September 21- 22, 2010.

An Agreement on Framework for Cooperation on Trade and Investment was signed during the visit of Minister for Commerce & Industry, Mr. Anand Sharma to the USA in March 2010. As part of the Economic Dialogue, a separate Commercial Dialogue has been set up to cover:  

(a) Trade Defence Measures

(b) Small and Medium Enterprises 

(c) Capacity building on Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).

For greater involvement of the private sector in a discussion on issues involving trade and investment the bilateral India-US CEO’s Forum was reconstituted in 2009. The fourth round of the reconstituted CEOs’ Forum to facilitate a structured dialogue between the industry and the government was held on 22 September 2011 at Washington DC. Separately a Private Sector Advisory Group (PSAG) has also been created consisting of prominent Indian and international trade experts to provide strategic recommendations and insights to the US-India Trade Policy Forum. 

  In 2017, the US exported $25.7 billion worth of goods to India, and imported $48.6 billion worth of Indian goods Major items imported from India include information technology services, textiles, machinery, gems and diamonds, chemicals, iron and steel products, coffee, tea, and other edible food products. Major American items imported by India include aircraft, fertilisers, computer hardware, scrap metal, and medical equipment

India-US Relationship – PM Modi’s Visit to USA (September 2014)

After a hectic, five days in the United States, it is time to take stock of the achievements of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit. U.S. businesses, clearly disaffected by the difficulties they face in doing business with India, had also signaled its desire to renew investments. 

On issues where the countries differ, like the nuclear deal, trade, and World Trade Organisation (WTO), they seem to have deferred negotiations, indicating that no progress was made in resolving them. In that context, even the renewal of the strategic partnership, and reference to “joint and concerted efforts” to dismantle terror groups including al-Qaeda, Lashkar-e Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammad, the D-Company, and the Haqqanis” do not indicate any particularly new action or formulation. 

The statements seem most opaque when it comes to spelling out a shared worldview for India and the U.S.: while referring obliquely to China’s aggression in the South China Sea, ‘global crises’ like the situations in Iraq and Syria, and cooperation in Afghanistan, and a confounding, long reference to North Korea (DPRK), they list no action or step that the two countries hoped to take together. And while both sides made it clear ahead of the talks that the U.S. would request, and India would discuss the possibility of joining the anti- Islamic State coalition, there was silence on where those discussions led. On all fronts of the ‘comprehensive dialogue’, that is, eight issues including energy, health, space, women’s empowerment, trade, skills, strategy and security, Mr Modi’s visit successfully brought India-U.S. ties, that were faltering for a few years, back on track.

Candidates can check out the video on India – US 2+2 Dialogue given below-

Aspirants reading, ‘India US Relations,’ can also read similar topics linked in the table below:

Frequently Asked Questions on India-US Relations

Q 1. how are the relations between india and the united states, q 2. which are the army exercises between india and the us, leave a comment cancel reply.

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